با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

2 دانشجو دکتری، ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

3 استادیار هیدرو اقلیم، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

چکیده

در حال حاضر بیابان­‌زایی به‌عنوان یک معضل، گریبان بسیاری از کشورهای جهان از جمله ایران را گرفته است. این مشکل، نه تنها در نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک، بلکه در بخش­‌هایی از مناطق نیمه‌مرطوب نیز دیده می‌­شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی و پهنه­‌بندی شدت بیابان‌­زایی با استفاده از مدل مدالوس اصلاح شده و روش خوشه‌­بندی سلسله مراتبی در دشت باقوس سبزوار است. بدین‌منظور، معیارهای موثر در بیابان‌زایی شامل اقلیم، پوشش گیاهی، خاک، فرسایش و نحوه مدیریت انتخاب و میانگین هندسی شاخص‌ها محاسبه شدند. لایه‌­های اطلاعاتی شاخص‌های مربوط به هر یک از معیارها با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی تهیه شد. این اطلاعات بر اساس روش مدالوس امتیاز­دهی شده و از میانگین هندسی شاخص‌های هر یک از معیار­ها، نقشه نهایی وضعیت هر معیار تهیه و از میانگین هندسی معیارها، نقشه وضعیت فعلی بیابان‌زایی منطقه تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد، معیارهای پوشش گیاهی، اقلیم و فرسایش بیشتر از سایر عوامل در بیابان‌زایی منطقه موثر بودند و تیپ حساسیت زیاد و بحرانی­، با فقر پوشش گیاهی و خشکی اقلیم مطابقت داشته و واحدهای کاری 1 و 2 بیشترین مساحت تیپ­‌های بیابان‌­زایی با شدت زیاد را به خود اختصاص داده‌­اند. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که 21 درصد از منطقه مورد مطالعه، در پهنه حساسیت زیاد، 28 درصد در پهنه حساسیت زیاد و بحرانی، 17 درصد در پهنه حساسیت کم، 28­ درصد در پهنه حساسیت کم و بحرانی و شش درصد در پهنه حساسیت ناچیز به فرسایش قرار دارد. 55.6 درصد از نتایج مدل مدالوس اصلاح شده به‌وسیله روش‌­های خوشه‌بندی معنی‌دار به‌دست آمد. با توجه به نقشه توزیع مکانی شدت بیابان‌زایی مستخرج از مدل مذکور می‌­توان به‌عنوان ابزاری کمکی در مقابله با بیابان­‌زایی استفاده کرد و از تخریب بیش از حد منطقه در آینده جلوگیری به عمل آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Desertification risk zoning using modified Medalus Model and hierarchical clustering method, case study: Sabzevar Badghous Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Zanganeh Asadi 1
  • Mahnaz Naemi tabar 2
  • Mokhtar karami 3

1 Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University

2 PhD Student, Geomorphology, Hakim Sabzevari University

3 Assistant Professor of Hydro Climate, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University

چکیده [English]

Desertification is a problem that is currently affecting many countries in the world, including Iran. This problem is seen not only in arid and semi-arid areas, but also parts of semi-humid areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate and zoning the intensity of desertification using the modified Medalus Model and hierarchical clustering method in the Baqous Plain of Sabzevar. For this purpose, effective criteria in desertification including climate, vegetation, soil, erosion, and selection management, and the geometric mean of the indicators were calculated. Data layers indicators related to each criterion were prepared using the GIS system. This information was scored based on the Medalus method and from the geometric mean of the indicators of each criterion, the final map of the status of each criterion was prepared and from the geometric mean of the criteria, the current map of the desertification of the region was prepared. Results showed that the criteria of vegetation, climate, and erosion were more effective than other factors in desertification of the region and high sensitivity and critical type was matched with the poverty of vegetation and the dryness of the climate, and work units 1 and 2 have the largest area of desertification types with high intensity. The results also showed that 21% of the study area is in the high sensitivity zone, 28% in the high and critical sensitivity zone, 17% in the low sensitivity zone, 28% in the low and critical sensitivity zone, and 6% in low sensitivity zone to erosion. 55.6% of the results of modified Modalus Model were obtained by significant clustering methods. According to the spatial distribution map of desertification intensity extracted from the model, it can be used as an auxiliary tool against desertification and prevent excessive destruction of the region in the future.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arid and semi-arid regions
  • Climate
  • Desertification
  • Erosion
  • GIS
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