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آسیب‌پذیری معیشت روستاییان از تغییر اقلیم، مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز اوغان استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد توسعه روستایی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 مدیر کل اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان

چکیده

تغییر اقلیم بر جنبه‌­های محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع روستایی تأثیرگذار است. به همین دلیل، در نظر گرفتن تمهیدات لازم برای کاهش آسیب­‌پذیری ساکنان حوزه‌های آبخیز ضروری می­‌باشد. تحقیق پیمایشی حاضر به بررسی آسیب‌پذیری معیشت روستاییان از تغییر اقلیم در حوزه آبخیز اوغان استان گلستان پرداخته است. جمعیت مورد مطالعه، شامل 1158 خانوار این حوضه بود که 297 خانوار با روش نمونه‌­گیری تصادفی طبقه‌­بندی شده بررسی شدند. جمع‌­آوری اطلاعات با پرسش‌نامه انجام شد که روایی آن از طریق روایی صوری و با مراجعه به اساتید دانشگاه و پایایی با آزمون کرونباخ تأیید شد. نتایج نشان داد که آسیب‌­پذیری معیشت از تغییر اقلیم بیش از متوسط بوده است و بیشترین آسیب به سرمایه­ مالی و کمترین آسیب به سرمایه انسانی خانوارها ­وارد شده است. با افزایش تعداد اعضای خانوار، تعداد دام و میزان زمین زراعی، آسیب­‌پذیری معیشت خانوارها از تغییر اقلیم بیشتر شده و با افزایش درآمد ماهانه و مدت اقامت در روستا از آسیب­‌پذیری آنان کاسته شده است. نتایج نشان داد، آسیب‌­پذیری معیشت خانوارهایی از تغییر اقلیم کمتر بوده است که ضمن استفاده از مروجان و تسهیل‌گران، عضو تعاونی­‌ها و تشکل­‌ها بوده، از دانش بومی و مهارت فنی برای مقابله با تغییرات اقلیم برخوردار بوده­‌اند. از پیشنهادات این تحقیق، می­‌توان به بررسی سطح معیشت ساکنان حوزه­‌های آبخیز با توجه به تغییرات پارامترهای آب و هوایی، اولویت‌­بخشی به ترمیم سرمایه مالی خانوارها، تشکل­دهی به روستاییان و استفاده از دانش بومی برای سازگاری با اثرات منفی تغییر اقلیم اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Livelihood vulnerability of villagers to climate change: the case of Oghan Watershed in Golestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Shahraki 1
  • Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani 2
  • Abodlrahim Lotfi 3

1 MSc Expert of Headquarters of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan Province

2 Faculty member- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

3 Director-General of Headquarters of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan Province

چکیده [English]

Climate change affects the environmental, economic, and social aspects of rural communities. For this reason, proper measures are needed to reduce the vulnerability of watershed residents. The present research has investigated the vulnerability of villagers' livelihoods from climate change in Oghan Watershed of Golestan Province. The study population consisted of 1158 households, that 297 households were investigated using the stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by the questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed by face validity and Cronbach's Test, respectively. The results showed that livelihood vulnerability to climate change was slightly above average. Among the five livelihood assets, the most and the least damage was related to the financial and human assets of households, respectively. With increasing household members, the number of livestock, and the area of owned agricultural lands, the vulnerability to climate change has increased. In contrast, by increasing monthly income and duration of stay in the village, the livelihood vulnerability has decreased. Joining cooperatives, using indigenous knowledge and technical skills to combat climate change, and getting help from change agents and facilitators, have resulted in less livelihood vulnerability of climate change. Studying livelihood status of the inhabitants of watersheds due to changes in weather parameters, prioritizing the restoration of financial assets, and organizing villagers to use indigenous knowledge for dealing with the negative effects of climate change are the present research suggestions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adaptation
  • Change agent
  • Climate fluctuations
  • Facilitator
  • Household
  • Livelihood
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 14، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 89-101
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هم رسانی
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