نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری سازههای آبی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 استاد گروه عمران، دانشگاه استفالیا، زودربرگ، آلمان
چکیده
طی دو دهه گذشته، نیاز به بازگرداندن رودخانه‌ها به شرایط طبیعی و نیمه‌طبیعی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. یکی از مهمترین ابزار در راستای دستیابی به این هدف، ارزیابی تغییرات هیدرومورفولوژیکی رودخانه در اثر مداخلات انسانی است. در پژوهش حاضر، به‌منظور ارزیابی شرایط هیدرومورفولوژیکی رودخانه تجن در قسمت میانه تا پایین‌دست (در محدوده شهر ساری) با استفاده از شاخص کیفیت مورفولوژیک (MQI) و هیدرومورفولوژیکی (HMQI)، هفت بازه در طول رودخانه در حریم 50 متری، انتخاب و سه مؤلفه کیفیت عملکرد ژئومورفولوژیکی، مصنوعی‌سازی و تعدیل کانال با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای سال 1353 لندست 4 و سال 1398 لندست 8، عکس‌های هوایی سال‌های 1340 و 1385، دادههای هیدرولوژیکی و بازدید میدانی بررسی شد. نتایج ارزیابی شاخص کیفی مورفولوژیک نشان داد که رودخانه تجن در بازه‌های مورد مطالعه عمدتاً در طبقه کیفی متوسط قرار گرفته، در حالی که از نظر شرایط هیدرومورفولوژیک در طبقه ضعیف گزارش شده که دلیل اصلی آن وجود سد در حوضه بالادست در محدوده 30 کیلومتری (تمامی بازه‌ها به‌جز 1 و 7) و تغییرات دبی و رسوب، دخالت انسانی و تغییر کاربری اراضی است. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که روش فوق در ارزیابی کلی مبتنی بر شاخص، تشخیص مشکلات هیدرومورفولوژیکی و درک صحیح و جامع پاسخ به فشارها مؤثر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluating the hydromorphological condition of Tajan River using HMQI Method
نویسندگان [English]
- Niayesh Fendereski 1
- Mohsen Masoudian 2
- Klaus Röttcher 3
1 PhD Candidate of Water structures, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Associate professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
3 Professor, Faculty of civil Engineering, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Suderburg, Germany
چکیده [English]
Over the last two decades, the need to restore rivers to the natural and near-natural state has become noticeable. One of the most important tools to achieve this goal, is to assess the hydromorphological changes of the river due to human intervention. In the present study, in order to evaluate the hydromorphological conditions of the Tajan River along the middle to lower parts (city of Sari) the Morphological Quality Index (MQI) and Hydromorphological Quality Index (HMQI) has been used. Seven reaches in 50 m riparian buffer width were selected and three quality main indicators including geomorphological, artificial, and channel adjustment were studied using satellite images of Landsat 4 in 1975 and Landsat 8 in 2019, aerial photos in 1960 and 2006, hydrological data, and data collected during the field surveys. The results showed that the studied reaches of Tajan River mainly classified as the moderate-quality class for the MQI, while it is classified as one quality class lower for HMQI, mainly as the poor-quality class. The main reason is that all the studied reaches (except reaches 1 and 7), located downstream of the Shahid Rajaee Dam, within the 30 km, which change considerably the river discharge and sediment transfer, also the extreme human impact and anthropogenic stresses in the catchment, such as land-use change. The results also showed that the method, which was used in this study, is effective, in general, index-based assessment, diagnosis of the hydromorphological problems, and an exact comprehensive realization of the response to the mentioned stresses.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Morphology
- Restoration
- River classification
- River engineering
- WFD
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