نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه عمران، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران
2 استاد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
3 استادیار، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
4 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی اکتشاف معدن، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه
چکیده
در آبخوان‌های مناطق شهری، به‌دلیل وجود منابع مختلف آلاینده، احتمال آلودگی منابع آب زیرزمینی بالاست، لذا، بررسی آسیب‌پذیری منابع آب زیرزمینی میتواند در تعیین نقاط آسیب‌پذیر و حساس آبخوان بسیار موثر باشد. هدف از این مطالعه، ارائه و توسعه مدل دراستیک اصلاح شده برای تعیین آسیب‌پذیری آبخوان در مناطق شهری ارومیه است. برای این منظور، پارامترهای با تاثیر کم، شیب و محیط آبخوان از مدل دراستیک حذف و در عوض پارامترهای کاربری اراضی، شاخص شهرنشینی، ارزش و بهای آب و منابع آلاینده دخیل در آلودگی به مدل اضافه و لایه‌های تغذیه و تاثیر زون غیراشباع اصلاح شد. نتایج حاصل از مدل دراستیک اصلاح‌شده DRAST-VUL در منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که در بیشتر مناطق ریسک آلودگی کم تا متوسط بوده، ولی در 29 درصد از محدوده مورد مطالعه به‌دلیل فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، صنعتی و عمق کم آب زیرزمینی آسیب‌پذیری بالاست. بر اساس نتایج حاصله، بیشترین حساسیت مدل نسبت به پارامتر منابع آلاینده، کاربری اراضی و منطقه غیراشباع بوده، با توجه به زیاد بودن سطوح نفوذناپذیر در مناطق شهری، حساسیت مدل به پارامترهای تغذیه خالص، ضریب قابلیت انتقال و ارزش و بهای آب کم است. با توجه به نتایج مثبت حاصل از صحت‌سنجی مدل از طریق نیترات، مدل ارائه شده میتواند به ابزار کارآمد برای حفاظت، پیشگیری و بهره‌برداری بهینه از منابع آب زیرزمینی در منطقه مورد مطالعه و همچنین، به‌عنوان یک مدل آسیب‌پذیری الگو، برای سایر آبخوان‌های شهری استفاده شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Modifying DRASTIC Model DRAST-VUL to determine groundwater vulnerability in an urban aquifer
نویسندگان [English]
- Nosrat Aghazadeh 1
- Manochehr Chitsazan 2
- Yahya Mirzaee 3
- Hamed Ebrahimi 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
4 PhD Student, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]
Due to various sources of contamination in the urban aquifers, the potential for pollution of groundwater resources is high. Thus, the vulnerability of groundwater resources can be very effective in identifying vulnerabilities and sensitive groundwater aquifers. The aim of this study was to present a modified DRASTIC Model to determine groundwater vulnerability in Urmia urban aquifer. To this end, parameters with low impact such as slope and aquifer media were ignored from the DRASTIC Model. Instead, land use, urbanization index, water value and pollution sources were added to the model. Also, the impact of unsaturated zone media and recharge layers were corrected. Results of the modified DRAST-VUL Model in the study area demonstrate that in most areas, the risk of pollution is low to moderate and the vulnerability in 29% of study area is high due to agricultural and industrial activities and low groundwater depth. Considering the results, the vulnerability index is the most sensitive measure to the parameter of pollutant sources, land use and the unsaturated zone. The sensitivity of the model to recharge, transmissivity and water value parameters were low due to the increase of impermeable surface in urban area. Based on positive results obtained from model validation through nitrate, the proposed model can be considered as an effective tool for the protection, revention and optimal utilization of groundwater resources in the study area. Also, this vulnerability model can be used for other urban aquifers.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- AHP
- Groundwater
- Land use
- Pollution risk
- Urmia
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