مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز

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ارزیابی کمی اثرات اقدامات آبخیزداری بر وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی حوضه، مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز آکوجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ‌ایران

2 استادیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

برای برنامه‌­ریزی‌­های آتی طرح­‌های اجرایی آبخیزداری، ارزیابی عملکرد اقدامات گذشته امری ضروری است. در این پژوهش، تاثیر اقدامات مختلف آبخیزداری بر وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و منابع آب در حوزه آکوجان قزوین مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین­ منظور، تغییرات آبدهی منابع آبی حوضه، افزایش میزان نفوذ و ذخیره آب و نیز میزان سیلاب حوضه، برای بازه زمانی قبل و بعد از اجرای عملیات آبخیزداری مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد، سالانه حدود 114 هزار متر مکعب ذخیره رواناب در اثر عملیات آبخیزداری در حوضه انجام شده است که 20.1 درصد این حجم مربوط به عملیات سازه‌­ای و 79.9 درصد متعلق به اقدامات بیولوژیکی و بیومکانیکی آبخیزداری است. نتایج مربوط به تحلیل سیلاب نشان داد که نقش اقدامات سازه‌­ای در تغییر زمان تمرکز حوضه اندک و حتی منفی بوده، لذا، کاهش دبی اوج و حجم سیلاب خروجی حوضه، حاصل اجرای اقدامات بیولوژیکی و بیومکانیکی است که باعث شده دبی اوج برای دوره بازگشت­‌های دو تا 100 سال به‌­ترتیب 42.7، 25.4، 20.8، 17.1، 15.3 و 13.8 درصد و حجم سیلاب به‌­ترتیب 41.8، 24.8، 20.2، 16.5، 14.8 و 13.3 درصد کاهش یابد. همچنین، مشخص شد که با افزایش دوره بازگشت سیلاب، درصد کاهش حجم و دبی اوج سیلاب ناشی از عملیات آبخیزداری کاهش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantitative analysis of the impacts of watershed management activities on catchment hydrological status

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jamal Mosaffaie 1
  • Amin Salehpour Jam 2

1 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Evaluation of the impacts of past watershed projects provides useful insights for future projects. In this study, the hydrology and water resources status of Akujan Catchment of Qazvin Province has been the object of the study in which the effects of various measures of watershed managements were evaluated. For this purpose, the changes of water resources discharge, increased infiltration, water storage, peaks and volumes of catchment floods, were compared before and after the implementation of watershed management projects. Results showed that 114000 m3 more runoff storage has been carried out by watershed management operations that 20.1% of this volume was related to the structural operations and 79.9% of it was due to biological and biomechanical projects of the catchment. Results of the flood analysis indicated that the role of structural measures in the change of time of concentration is low and even negative. Therefore the reduction of the peak flow and flood volume at the outlet of the catchment is due to the implementation of biological and biomechanical measures which reduces the peak flows by 42.7, 25.4, 20.8, 17.1, 15.3 and 13.8% and flood volumes by 41.8, 24.8, 20.2, 16.5, 14.8 and 13.3% respectively for the return periods of two, five, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. Another observation is that the effect of watershed management practices on the reduction of flood peak and volume decreases when the return period of flood is increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological and biomechanical
  • Flood control
  • Flood volume
  • Peak flow
  • Structural operations
  • Water storage
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 12، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 526-534
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هم رسانی
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