نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد
2 استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
3 محقق بخش حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد
چکیده
میزان مشارکت جوامع محلی در طرح‌های آبخیزداری عامل مهمی در موفقیت و یا شکست این پروژه‌ها می‌باشد. با این حال، عوامل موثر در مشارکت مردم از دیدگاه بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان در حوزه‌های آبخیز مختلف، متفاوت است و تا کنون، به‌صورت همزمان مطالعه نشده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی مقایسه‌ای عوامل موثر بر مشارکت مردم در آبخیز عمارت از دیدگاه آبخیزنشینان و همچنین، کارشناسان است. در این تحقیق، عوامل موثر بر عدم مشارکت مردم در طرح‌های آبخیزداری در قالب چهار شاخص اقتصادی، اجتماعی، آموزش و ترویج و طراحی-اجرا و 14 زیر شاخص طبقه‌بندی شدند. در ادامه، با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی و نیز آزمون فریدمن، شاخص‌ها و زیرشاخص‌های موثر بر عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح‌های آبخیزداری اولویت‌بندی شد. در نهایت، برای بررسی همسویی دو دیدگاه در میزان اهمیت زیرشاخص‌ها، آزمون کلموگروف-اسمیرنف دو نمونه‌ای به‌کار برده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در حوزه آبخیز عمارت از منظر خبرگان و بهره‌برداران، شاخص اقتصادی نقش بیشتری را در عدم مشارکت مردم نسبت به سایر شاخص‌ها دارد. نتایج رتبه‌بندی زیرشاخص‌ها از منظر جوامع محلی و کارشناسان نشان داد، به‌ترتیب زیرشاخص‌های "نادیده گرفتن منافع مردم به‌عنوان انگیزه اقتصادی مستقیم" و "عدم آموزش ساکنان حوضه در خصوص طرح‌ها" بیشترین اهمیت در عدم مشارکت مردم را دارند. با این حال، بیشترین اختلاف میزان اهمیت عوامل از منظر دو گروه کارشناسان و جوامع محلی، مربوط به زیرشاخص‌های "نادیده گرفتن منافع مردم به‌عنوان انگیزه اقتصادی مستقیم" و "عدم مشورت با جوامع محلی (شورای روستا) در نیازسنجی پروژه" است. نتیجه کلی، این‌که اجرای پروژه‌های چند منظوره و در نظر داشتن منافع آبخیزنشینان و نظرسنجی از جوامع محلی، به همراه آموزش بهره‌برداران می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز جلب مشارکت فعال مردم در پروژه‌های آبخیزداری حوضه شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparison of effective factors on preventing participation of rural societies in watershed management plans based on local people and experts viewpoints
نویسندگان [English]
- Hamzeh Noor 1
- Amin Salehpour Jam 2
- Seyed Hossein Rajai 3
1 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Researcher, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]
The degree of public participation in watershed management programs is a major determinant of success or failure of the programs, but the factors which make people participate still remain unknown. The main objects of current study are comparison evaluation of effective factors on preventing participation of rural societies in watershed management plans based on all people and experts’ viewpoints in Emarat Watershed of Khorasan Razavi Province. In the current study the effective factors on preventing participation of rural societies were classify in four classes include "economic", "educational-extension", "design-executive" and "social" indicators and 14 sub-indicators. Then the indicators and sub-indicators were prioritized using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and Friedman Test. Finally, the two-sample Kolmogrov–Smirnov Test was also used to examine the agreement of the two views on the importance of the items. The results showed that, from the perspective of both groups of experts and peoples, economic indicator has a greater role in preventing people participation in relation to other indicators. The results of sub-indicators prioritization based on local people and expert’s viewpoints showed that “ignoring people´s income as a direct economic motivation” and “shortage of education of watershed residents about plants and their purposes”, respectively, were ranked as the most important sub-indices. The most important difference of the sub-indices from the perspective of local people and expert are related to the “ignoring people´s income as a direct economic motivation” and “lack of stakeholder’s consultation in the design and development of projects”. The overall conclusion is that considering the benefits of stakeholders, and multi-purpose projects and factors such as stakeholder consultation, and training of local communities can provide the basis participation of people in the watershed development projects.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Centralized decision-making power
- Economic incentive
- Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process
- Multi-criteria decision making
- Non-governmental organizations
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