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بررسی و تحلیل غلظت فلزات سنگین و شاخص‌های آلودگی رسوبات در کانون گرد و غبار هندیجان، استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رسوب‌شناسی و سنگ‌شناسی، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه هرمزگان

2 دانشیار سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری

3 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه هرمزگان

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی-بیابان‌‌زدایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان

چکیده

کانون فرسایش بادی هندیجان در استان خوزستان و جنوب غرب کشور ایران قرار دارد. در دهه اخیر، با افزایش نرخ فرسایش و تمرکز کانون‌­های مهم گرد و غبار در این گستره، مطالعه غلظت و آلودگی فلزات سنگین در این منطقه اهمیت بسزایی یافته است. بدین‌منظور، تعداد 33 نمونه خاک از این پهنه بر مبنای نوع کاربری با توزیع یکنواخت برداشت شد و مورد تحلیل ICP-MSS قرار گرفت. داده‌های حاصل نشان می­‌دهد که بیشترین میانگین غلظت فلزات به‌ترتیب متعلق به فلزات Cd<As<Cu<Pb<Zn<Ni<Cr است. شاخص­‌های غنی‌شدگی، شاخص زمین‌­انباشت و عامل آلودگی نشان داد که بیشترین آلودگی در پهنه هندیجان به‌ترتیب متعلق به فلزات نیکل، کروم، آرسنیک، کادمیوم و سرب است. از سویی دیگر، ارزیابی خطر زیست­‌محیطی (RI) در پهنه مذکور نشان داده این منطقه دارای خطر زیست­‌محیطی کمی می‌­باشد که در بین فلزات مورد مطالعه نیز بیشترین خطر زیست­‌محیطی متعلق به دو فلز آرسنیک و کادمیوم است. نتایج آزمون PCA نشان داد که فلزات نیکل، روی، مس و سرب دارای دو منشأ زمین­‌زاد و انسان­‌زاد به‌صورت توام هستند و منشا فلزات آرسنیک و کادمیوم نیز فعالیت­‌های انسانی است. باتوجه به الگوی توزیع فلزات می‌توان بیان کرد که فعالیت­‌های مرتبط با اسکله صیادی بحرکان از یک سو و سکوهای نفتی دور از ساحل میدان نفتی هندیجان از سویی دیگر، موجب تغلیظ فلزات نیکل، سرب، روی و مس در جنوب گستره مورد مطالعه شده است. فعالیت‌­های کشاورزی نیز غلظت فلزات کادمیوم و آرسنیک را در این گستره کنترل کرده، منشا غلظت کروم نیز پساب­‌های کشاورزی، آلودگی‌­های ترافیکی و آلودگی­‌های باقی‌مانده حاصل از جنگ هشت ساله عراق و ایران تعیین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation and analysis of heavy metal concentrations and sediment pollution indices in Hendijan dust hotspot, Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Akram Jooybari 1
  • Hamidreza Peyrowan 2
  • Peyman Rezaee 3
  • Hamid Gholami 4

1 PhD Student in Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute

3 Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Hormozgan

چکیده [English]

Hendijan wind erosion center is located in Khuzestan Province and southwest of Iran. In the last decade, with the increase of erosion rate and concentration of important dust centers in this area, the study of heavy metal concentration and pollution in this area has become very important. For this purpose, 33 soil samples of this zone were collected based on land use change and with the aim of uniform distribution and analyzed by ICP-MSS. The obtained data show that the highest average concentrations of metals belong to Cd <As <Cu <Pb <Zn <Ni <Cr, respectively. Enrichment indices, geo-accumulation index and contaminant factor showed that the highest pollution in Hindijan area belongs to nickel, chromium, arsenic, cadmium and plumbum, respectively. On the other hand, ecological risk assessment in the mentioned area has shown that this region has a low ecological risk that among the studied metals, the highest ecological risk belongs to the two metals arsenic and cadmium. The results of PCA test showed that the metals nickel, zinc, copper and lead have both non-anthropogenic and anthropogenic sources and the source of arsenic and cadmium metals is human activities. According to the pattern of metal distribution, it can be stated that the activities related to Bahrkan fishing pier on the one hand and oil rigs off the coast of Hindijan oil field on the other hand have caused the concentration of nickel, lead, zinc and copper in the south of the study area. Agricultural activities have also controlled the concentration of cadmium and arsenic metals in this area, and the source of chromium concentration was determined as agricultural effluents, traffic pollution and residual pollution from the 8-year Iraq-Iran war.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dust
  • Environmental indicators
  • Hendijan range
  • ICP-MSS
  • Wind erosion
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