با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

2 استاد پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

چکیده

شناخت برهم‌کنش پدیده خشک­سالی و پاسخ هیدرولوژیک حوضه­­ها، می­تواند منجر به دستیابی به اطلاعاتی برای مدیریت بهینه منابع آب حوضه شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه زمانی خشک­سالی و میزان مشارکت جریان­های زیرسطحی در جریان رودخانه­ها در زیرحوضه کاکارضا است. در این پژوهش، دوره مشترک 1396-1361 برای ایستگاه­های هیدرومتری و باران‌سنجی متناظر در نظر گرفته شد. سپس، شاخص بارش استاندارد شده (SPI) در مقیاس‌های زمانی سه، شش، نه، 12،‌ 18 و 24 ماهه، محاسبه شد. جریان پایه و شاخص مربوطه به روش فیلتر رقومی برگشتی بی­فلو-لینه و هالیک در پایه­های زمانی ماهانه، سالانه و کل دوره، محاسبه شد. در مرحله بعدی، شاخص جریان پایه استاندارد شده  (SBFI)محاسبه و منحنی تداوم جریان پایه (BFDC) ترسیم و شاخص شکل منحنی تداوم جریان پایه (SBFDC) محاسبه شد. تغییرات منحنی تداوم جریان پایه و شاخص شکل مربوطه و روابط شاخص خشک­سالی و شاخص جریان پایه استاندارد شده با استفاده از روش همبستگی بررسی و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین شاخص جریان پایه در طول دوره پژوهش برابر با 52/0 و کمینه و بیشینه آن نیز به‌ترتیب برابر با  46 /0 و 57/0 بوده و همچنین، روند تغییرات جریان پایه، یک روند کاهشی با شیب ملایم است. روند تغییرات شیب منحنی تداوم جریان پایه، در طول دوره با یک شیب ملایم کاهشی است. میزان تغییرات شیب نیز از یک تا سه درصد و نزدیک به خط راست است که تمایل به پایداری جریان پایه در درازمدت را نشان می­دهد. بیشترین تاثیر پدیده خشک­سالی بر جریان پایه رودخانه­ها در گام زمانی نه و 12 ماه بوده که همبستگی با ضریب تبیین 87/0 و احتمال 95 درصد، بین شاخص خشک­سالی و شاخص جریان پایه استاندارد شده، موید افزایش سهم مشارکت آب­های زیرسطحی در جریان پایه، با تاخیر نه تا 12 ماه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the impact of drought on the base flow using standardized base flow index, case study: Kaka-Reza Catchment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Kazemi 1
  • Jahangir Porhemmat 2
  • Bagher Ghermez Cheshme 1

1 Assistant Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran

2 Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Understanding the interaction of drought phenomenon and hydrological response of catchments can lead to obtaining some information for optimal water resource management. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal relationship between drought and groundwater contribution to stream flow, in Kaka–Reza Sub-catchment. In this study, the common period of 1382-2017 was considered for the corresponding hydrometric and rain gauge stations. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was then calculated at time scales of three, six, nine, 12, 18 and 24 months. Base flow and related index were calculated by B-Flow-Line and Halick digital filter method in monthly, annual and total time bases. Then the Standardized Base Flow Index (SBFI), the Base Flow Duration Curve (BFDC) and the base flow duration curve shape index (SBFDC) was calculated. Changes in BFDC and the corresponding shape index and the relationships between SPI and SBFI were investigated and analyzed using the correlation method. The results showed that the average Base Flow Index during the research period was equal to 0.52 and its minimum and maximum were equal to 0.46 and 0.57, respectively. Also, the trend of bas flow changes is a decreasing trend with a low slope. The trend of changes SBFDC decreases over study period with a low slope. The rate of slope change is also from one to three percent, and close to the straight line, which indicates the tendency for base flow to be stable in the long time. The greatest impact of the drought phenomenon on the river base flow is in the time step of nine and twelve months. The correlation between SPI and SBFI with a coefficient of determination 0.87 confirms the increase in the groundwater contribution to base flow, with a delay of nine to twelve months.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Base Flow Duration Curve (BFDC)
  • Groundwater
  • Hydrological response
  • Karst
  • Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
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