نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2 استاد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان
چکیده
تخریب بستر و فعالیت در حریم رودخانهها از جمله فعالیتهای معدن، ساخت جاده، پل غیر استاندارد و غیره در اغلب موارد منجر به تشدید خطر وقوع سیلاب میشود. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع، در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی اثر فعالیتهای معدنی بر تعیین حریم کمی در بازهای از رودخانه هراز، سه راهی بلده محل الحاق نوررود تا ابتدای منطقه جنگلی کلرد به طول 40 کیلومتر پرداخته شده است. در این راستا، برای بررسی تغییرات سطوح فعالیتهای معدنی رودخانه در طی سالهای 1363 تا 1399 از تصاویر ماهوارهای، برای شبیهسازی رفتار هیدرولیکی رودخانه از مدل هیدرولیکی HEC-RAS و برای مقایسه تغییرات حریم رودخانه در بازه زمانی مطالعاتی از مدل DLSRS استفاده شده است. بدینترتیب، ابتدا تصایر ماهوارهای زمین مرجع و تکنیک تفسیر بصری برای تعیین سطح فعالیتهای معدنی بهکار گرفته شد. سپس، نقشه توپوگرافی با مقیاس 1:2000 بستر رودخانه در محیط الحاقیه HEC-GeoRAS (GIS) و مدل HEC-RAS برای شبیهسازی رفتار هیدرولیکی رودخانه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و در نهایت، با برآورد پارامترهای پنجگانه مدل DLSRS، مقادیر حریم کمی رودخانه در فواصل زمانی 10 سال در بازه زمانی 1399-1300 تعیین شد. نتایج تغییرات سطوح فعالیتهای معدنی موید تغییرات ژئومتری بستر بازه مورد مطالعه از قبیل جابهجایی و تنگشدگی بوده است. نتایج بررسی عوامل تغییرات حریم نیز نشان داد که افزایش فعالیتهای انسانی و تغییر رژیم جریان رودخانه، سبب افزایش حریم کمی رودخانه میشود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که طی قرن اخیر هجری شمسی سطح معادن در محدوده مطالعاتی از 3.35 به 13.57 هکتار در سال 1399 افزایش یافته است که بیشینه توسعه آن در دهه1390 هجری شمسی بوده است. در نتیجه، حریم کمی رودخانه از نه متر در سال 1300 به 17 متر در سال 1399 افزایش یافته است.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigation of the effect of mining activities on estimation quantitative boundary of Haraz River
نویسندگان [English]
- Noorangiz Gholami 1
- Karim Solaimani 2
- Ataollah Kavian 2
- Vahid Gholami 3
1 MSc, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Destruction of the riverbed and activities in the river area, including mining activities, road construction, non-standard bridges, etc., often increase the risk of floods. Due to importance of this issue in the present study, the effect of mining activities on determination of channel boundary of Haraz River, (Noorrud junction to Kelerd forest area as a given reach) has been investigated with a length of 40 km. In this regard, to study changes in river mineral activity levels during the years 1985 to 2021 from satellite images, to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river from the HEC-RAS hydraulic model and to compare changes in river area during the study period the DLSRS model were used. Thus, satellite data with visual interpretation techniques were used to determine the level of mining activities. Then, a 1: 2000 scale topographic map of the riverbed in the HEC-GeoRAS (GIS) extension and the HEC-RAS model was used to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river. Finally, by estimating the five parameters of the DLSRS model, the quantitative values of the river at 10-year intervals were determined in the period 1300-1399. The results of changes in the levels of mining activities indicate geometric changes of the bed of the given reach such as displacement and narrowing process. The results of the study of the factors of channel boundary changes also showed that increasing human activities and changing the river flow regime increase the quantitative boundary of the channel. The results also showed that during the last century, the level of mines in the study area has increased from 3.35 to 13.57 ha in 2021, the maximum development of which has been since 2011. As a result, the quantitative area of the river has increased from 9 m in 1922 to 17 m in 2021.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- DLSRS model
- Floodwater
- HEC-RAS model
- Morphology
- Remote sensing
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