با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استاد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

تخریب بستر و فعالیت در حریم رودخانه‌­ها از جمله فعالیت­‌های معدن، ساخت جاده، پل غیر استاندارد و غیره در اغلب موارد منجر به تشدید خطر وقوع سیلاب می­شود. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع، در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی اثر فعالیت­‌های معدنی بر تعیین حریم کمی در بازه­ای از رودخانه هراز، سه راهی بلده محل الحاق نوررود تا ابتدای منطقه جنگلی کلرد به طول 40 کیلومتر پرداخته شده است. در این راستا، برای بررسی تغییرات سطوح فعالیت­‌های معدنی رودخانه در طی سال­‌های 1363 تا 1399 از تصاویر ماهواره­‌ای، برای شبیه­‌سازی رفتار هیدرولیکی رودخانه از مدل هیدرولیکی HEC-RAS و برای مقایسه تغییرات حریم رودخانه در بازه زمانی مطالعاتی از مدل DLSRS استفاده شده است. بدین‌ترتیب، ابتدا تصایر ماهواره‌­ای زمین مرجع و تکنیک تفسیر بصری برای تعیین سطح فعالیت‌­های معدنی به­‌کار گرفته شد. سپس، نقشه توپوگرافی با مقیاس 1:2000 بستر رودخانه در محیط الحاقیه HEC-GeoRAS (GIS) و مدل HEC-RAS برای شبیه­‌سازی رفتار هیدرولیکی رودخانه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و در نهایت، با برآورد پارامترهای پنج‌گانه مدل DLSRS، مقادیر حریم کمی رودخانه در فواصل زمانی 10 سال در بازه زمانی 1399-1300 تعیین شد. نتایج تغییرات سطوح فعالیت‌­های معدنی مو­ید تغییرات ژئومتری بستر بازه مورد مطالعه از قبیل جابه­‌جایی و تنگ­‌شدگی بوده است. نتایج بررسی عوامل تغییرات حریم نیز نشان داد که افزایش فعالیت­‌های انسانی و تغییر رژیم جریان رودخانه، سبب افزایش حریم کمی رودخانه می­‌شود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که طی قرن اخیر هجری شمسی سطح معادن در محدوده مطالعاتی از 3.35 به 13.57 هکتار در سال 1399 افزایش یافته است که بیشینه توسعه آن در دهه1390 هجری شمسی بوده است. در نتیجه، حریم کمی رودخانه از نه متر در سال 1300 به 17 متر در سال 1399 افزایش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the effect of mining activities on estimation quantitative boundary of Haraz River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Noorangiz Gholami 1
  • Karim Solaimani 2
  • Ataollah Kavian 2
  • Vahid Gholami 3

1 MSc, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Destruction of the riverbed and activities in the river area, including mining activities, road construction, non-standard bridges, etc., often increase the risk of floods. Due to importance of this issue in the present study, the effect of mining activities on determination of channel boundary of Haraz River, (Noorrud junction to Kelerd forest area as a given reach) has been investigated with a length of 40 km. In this regard, to study changes in river mineral activity levels during the years 1985 to 2021 from satellite images, to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river from the HEC-RAS hydraulic model and to compare changes in river area during the study period the DLSRS model were used. Thus, satellite data with visual interpretation techniques were used to determine the level of mining activities. Then, a 1: 2000 scale topographic map of the riverbed in the HEC-GeoRAS (GIS) extension and the HEC-RAS model was used to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river. Finally, by estimating the five parameters of the DLSRS model, the quantitative values ​​of the river at 10-year intervals were determined in the period 1300-1399. The results of changes in the levels of mining activities indicate geometric changes of the bed of the given reach such as displacement and narrowing process. The results of the study of the factors of channel boundary changes also showed that increasing human activities and changing the river flow regime increase the quantitative boundary of the channel. The results also showed that during the last century, the level of mines in the study area has increased from 3.35 to 13.57 ha in 2021, the maximum development of which has been since 2011. As a result, the quantitative area of the river has increased from 9 m in 1922 to 17 m in 2021.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • DLSRS model
  • Floodwater
  • HEC-RAS model
  • Morphology
  • Remote sensing
  1. Abedi, I. and M. Ganji. 2016. Irregular extraction of sand from rivers using fuzzy Delphi approach. Journal of Natural Environment, 4: 1041-1059 (in Persian).
  2. Arthun, D., G.Ν. Zaimes and J. Martin. 2013. Temporal river channel changes in the Gila Box Riparian National Conservation Area, Arizona, USA. Journal of Physical Geography, 34(1): 60-73.
  3. Asghari, S. 2014. Analysis of the effect of harvesting and sand on the morphology of Qarnaqo River limited after three villages of Khorasanak. Journal of Hydrogeomorphology, 1: 21-39 (in Persian).
  4. Chaiwongsaen, N., P. Nimnate and M. Choowong. 2019. Morphological changes of the lower Ping and Chao Phraya rivers, north and Central Thailand: flood and coastal equilibrium analyses. Journal of Geosciences, 11: 152–171.
  5. Country Management and Planning Organization. 2005. Guide to flood zoning and determining the boundary of the riverbed and area. Issue 307, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
  6. Country Management and Planning Organization. 2015. Land use instructions in the quality boundaries of surface water resources. Issue 430, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
  7. Country Management and Planning Organization. 2015. Description of bed and boundary studies determines the first stage of river management. Issue 679, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
  8. Danandeh mehr, A., M. Salimi and Sh. Soltani. 2011. Study of DLSRS Model in determining the quantitative boundaries of mountain rivers, case study: Khorasan Razavi Province. The Second National Conference on Applied Water Resources in Iran, Zanjan Regional Water Company, Iran (in Persian).
  9. Gibson, S. and J. Shelley. 2020. Flood disturbance, recovery and inter-flood incision on a large sand bed river. Journal of Geomorphology, 351: 1-14.
  10. Healy, T. and K. WO. 2002. Sediment characteristic and bed level changes in relation to sand extractions and damming of sand-gravel river: the lower Waikato River, New Zealand. Journal of Hydrology (NZ), 41(2): 175-196.
  11. Honarbakhsh, A., K. Hedayatipour and H. Samadi. 2020. Investigation of the effect of harvesting and sand on the hydro morphological behavior of the river channel, case study: Khoshkehrood Farsan River. Journal of Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 1: 203-216 (in Persian).
  12. Kamboj, V., N. Kamboj and S. Sharma. 2017. Environmental impact of river bed mining, a review. International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 7(1): 504–520.
  13. Kamyabi, S. 2018. The role of Masuleh River in developing and planning of Maclvan. Journal of Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geography (Regional Planning), 3: 115-129 (in Persian).
  14. Liangwen, J., L. Zhangren, Y. Qingshu, O. Shuying and L. Yaping. 2007. Impacts of the large amount of sand mining on riverbed morphology and tidal dynamics in lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 17: 197-217.
  15. Marston, R.A., J.P. Bravard and T. Green. 2003. Impacts of reforestation and gravel mining on the Malnant River, Haute-Savoie and French Alps. Journal of Geomorphology, 55: 65-74.
  16. Mohammad Khan, Sh., F. Nemasheri and A. Ezdanpanah. 2016. Investigation of the consequences of sand extraction on river morphology, case study: Deh Bala River, Kerman. Journal of Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 1: 14-26 (in Persian).
  17. Panahi, R., M. Hosseinzadeh and S. Khaleqi. 2019. Quantitative determination of Gamasiab River, Kermanshah. Journal of Earth Knowledge Researchers, 38: 104-121 (in Persian).
  18. Philip, K.L., K. Lalit and K. Richard. 2018. Monitoring river channel dynamics using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of Geomorphology, 325: 92-102.
  19. Rashidi, M., R. Hosenzadh, A. Sphr, H. Zeraee and M. Khanhbad. 2016. Study of geomorphology of Karun riverbed and its causes from 1954 to 2011. Journal of Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 1: 43-59 (in Persian).
  20. Rinaldi, M., B. Wyz and N. Surian. 2005. Sediment mining in alluvial channels: physical effects and management perspectives. Journal of River Research and Applications, 21: 805-828.
  21. Shayan, S., M. Sharifikea and H. Dhstani. 2013. Recruitment and measurement of morphological change of Kashkan River has caused the removal of sand sources. Journal of Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geographical Space, 33: 191-207 (in Persian).
  22. Soltani, Sh. and Gh. Jafari. 2011. Rivers and beaches in the mirror of law (including: laws, decrees, regulations, directives and legal inquiries). Circulation of 1000 copies, new edition. Alborz Fardanesh, Tehran, Iran, 213 pages (in Persian).
  23. Vide, J.P. 2010. Incision due to gravel mining: modeling a case study from the Gallegos River, Spain. Geomorphology, 117: 261-271.