نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان
2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان
3 کارشناس ارشد اداره منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری اردکان
چکیده
استحصال آب باران با سامانه‌های کوچک یکی از گزینههای توسعه منابع آب در مناطق خشک است که می‌تواند بخشی از آب مورد نیاز بخش کشاورزی دیم را تأمین کند. برای افزایش پتانسیل استحصال آب در سامانه کوچک می‌توان اقداماتی برای افزایش تولید رواناب انجام داد. در این پژوهش، استفاده از تیمارهای ساده ایجاد جوی و پشته، پوشش خاک رس و ترکیب این دو در کنار تیمار شاهد به‌منظور بررسی رواناب تولیدی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار و طی دو سال (1393 و 1394) در منطقه زرین‌دشت استان فارس ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که منطقه پتانسیل استحصال آب باران را دارد. بیشترین مقدار ضریب رواناب در تیمار شاهد و به مقدار 6.5 و 9.3 درصد به‌ترتیب در سال اول و دوم مشاهده شد. دست‌خوردگی خاک سطحی (در تیمارهای غیر از شاهد) به‌طور متوسط 11 و 14 درصد رواناب و ضریب رواناب (به‌ترتیب) را نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. آستانه بارش برای ایجاد رواناب طی دو سال آزمایش در تیمار شاهد حدود یک میلی‌متر بود. در سایر تیمارها آستانه بارش در ایجاد رواناب در سال دوم کاهش یافت. از نظر مقدار و ضریب رواناب و نیز آستانه بارش در ایجاد رواناب، تیمار شاهد در سامانه کوچک قابل پیشنهاد است. مساحت سامانه کوچک بین حدود 15 تا 150 متر مربع برای تأمین به‌ترتیب 300 و 600 میلی‌متر نیاز آبی با احتمال وقوع 50 و 67 درصد بارندگی و راندمان ذخیره 25 و 50 درصد متغیر بود. البته در واقع مساحت سامانه کوچک با توجه به نوع محصول می‌تواند به‌صورت اقتصادی تعیین شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Rainwater harvesting potential in a semi-arid region of Fars Province
نویسندگان [English]
- Somayeh Shariati 1
- Abolfazl Azizian 2
- Najmeh Yarami 2
- Abbas Paydar Ardakani 3
1 M.Sc. Graduated Student of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University
2 2Assistant Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Iran
3 MSc, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Office of Ardakan
چکیده [English]
Rainwater harvesting using micro-catchment is one of the water resources development options in arid regions that can partly supply water requirement of rain-fed agriculture. Some operations can be performed for increasing the harvesting rainwater in micro-catchment. In this study, the effect of simple treatments including furrowing, clay cover, furrowing and clay cover and control treatments on runoff production were investigated in the form of a complete randomize design with three replications during 2014 and 2015 in Zarrin-Dasht region of Fars Province. Results confirmed the potential of rainwater harvesting in the region. The highest runoff coefficient was observed in control treatment as 6.5 and 9.3% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Disturbing of surface soil (in various treatments except control) led to average reduction of 11 and 14% runoff amount and coefficient, respectively compared to the control treatment. Threshold Precipitation for Runoff Production (TPRP) was 1 mm in control treatment during two years of the experiment. In other treatments TPRP values reduced in the second year. In view point of the runoff amount and coefficient and also TPRP, control treatment is recommendable in the region. The catchment area varied almost between 15 and 150 m2, respectively, for supply water requirement of 300 and 600 mm with rainfall occurrence probability of 0.50 and 0.67 and runoff storage efficiency of 25 and 50%. In fact, micro-catchment area can be economically determined with crop type.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Runoff harvesting
- Rain-fed garden
- Micro-catchment
- Zarrin-Dasht
- Runoff coefficient
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