نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران
2 دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، تهران، ایران
چکیده
مارن‌ها یکی از عوامل اصلی رسوبزایی و متعاقب آن فرسایش خاک در حوزه‌های آبخیز بشمار می‌روند. تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد که بین میزان رسوبزایی مارن‌ها با ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی آنها ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود دارد. با هدف تعیین گسترش سازندهای مارنی از یکسو و ارزیابی کمی تاثیر شاخص‌های مذکور در میزان رسوبزایی مارن‌های استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، تحقیق جامعی صورت پذیرفت. در این پژوهش، پس از شناسایی و تفکیک چینه‌شناسی سازندهای مارنی استان و انجام نمونه‌برداری‌های سیستماتیک، آزمایش‌های کانی‌شناسی (XRD)، فیزیکی و شیمیایی لازم، انجام و نتایج با استفاده از روش‌های آماری تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. در ادامه، با استفاده از باران‌ساز قابل حمل در صحرا، میزان رسوبزایی هر یک از واحدهای چینه‌شناسی مارنی اندازهگیری شد. مجموعاً 1073.95 کیلومتر مربع معادل 6.5 درصد از مساحت استان را واحدهای چینه‌شناختی مارنی اشغال کرده است. از دیدگاه رسوبزایی، سازند رازک با میانگین 96.34 گرم بر متر مربع در رتبه اول و سپس، سازندهای پابده، هرمز، میشان و گورپی به‌ترتیب با 94.41، 81.7، 76.17 و 33 گرم بر متر مربع رسوب تولیدی در رتبههای بعدی رسوبزایی قرار می‌گیرند. نتایج همبستگی بین بافت خاک و تولید رسوب حکایت از همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار میزان سیلت، آهک فعال و سدیم تبادلی و همبستگی منفی معنی‌دار مقدار رس با رسوبزایی دارد. حضور کانی‌های رسی کائولینیت و ایلیت از عوامل تشدید رسوبزایی در سازندهای مارنی بشمار می‌روند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effective physico-chemical indices on marls sediment yield in Zagros structural zone, case study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
نویسندگان [English]
- Sayed Naeim Emami 1
- Hamidreza Peyrowan 2
1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Soil conservatoin and watershed management research institute, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Marls are one of the main causes of sediment production and subsequent soil erosion in watersheds. Researchs shows that there is a close relationship between the rate of marls sediment yield and their physical and chemical characteristics. With the aim of determining the expansion of marly formations and a quantitative assessment of the mentioned indices role on the sediment yield of marls in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, a comprehensive study was conducted and its outstanding results are presented in this study. After identifying and separating the marly formations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and performing systematic sampling, necessary physical and chemical experiments were performed and the results were analyzed using statistical methods. Then, using a rainfall simulator, the sediment production rate of each marly stratigraphic units was measured in the field. Results showed that about 1073.95 Km2 (equal to 6.5%) of province rocks has devoted to marly lithological units. On the basis of analyses, Razak, Pabdeh, Hormoz, Mishan and Gurpi formations with mean of 96.34, 94.41, 87.1, 76.17 and 33 grm-2 are the most sensitive marly formations, respectively. Sediment yield is directly related to silt amounts, total lime, active lime, exchangable sodium and reverse related to clay amounts. The presence of Kaolinite and Illite clay minerals is one of the intensifying factors in sedimen yeild in marly formations.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Intrinsic features
- Marly formations
- Mineralogy
- Rainfall similator
- Soil erosion
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