با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس

چکیده

فرسایش آبکندی یکی از پدیده‌های مهم در تخریب سرزمین و بیابان­‌زایی است که باعث برهم زدن تعادل منابع زیست‌محیطی و پایداری آن می‌­شود. این پژوهش، با هدف تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر ایجاد فرسایش آبکندی، با استفاده از روش‌های داده‌­کاوی در حوزه­ آبخیز بیان در شمال استان فارس انجام شد. به­‌منظور مدل­‌سازی فرسایش آبکندی، ازالگوریتم­‌های خوشه‌­بندی K-Means و درخت تصمیم CART بهره برده شد. دقت تخمین زده شده بر اساس پارامترهای مؤثر بر مساحت آبخیز ایجاد آبکندها در مدل نهایی، برای مجموعه داده­‌های آموزشی برابر با 100 درصد و برای مجموعه داده­‌های آزمایشی 71.43 درصد می‌­باشد. نتایج این پژوهش که منتج از اندازه‌­گیری متغیرهای مختلف از 40 آبکند منتخب، شامل یک متغیر هدف (مساحت آبخیز ایجاد) و 12 متغیر پیشگو شامل شیب ایجاد، پوشش گیاهی، خاک لخت، سنگ­ریزه­ سطحی، لاشبرگ سطحی، هدایت الکتریکی عصاره­ اشباع، اسیدیته، نسبت جذبی سدیم، ماده­ آلی، رس، سیلت و شن، در عملیات میدانی و آزمایشگاهی و استفاده از فناوری­‌های داده­‌کاوی است، نشان می‌­دهد که ایجاد آبکندها در این حوزه­ آبخیز تابع عوامل سیلت، اسیدیته، خاک لخت، سنگ­ریزه و ماده­ آلی می‌­باشد. این نتایج تأثیر پوشش گیاهی و به ‌تبع آن، وجود ماده­ آلی مناسب در خاک به­‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین روش در امر کنترل آبکندها و اثر مخرب و تشدیدی اراضی لخت و فاقد پوشش گیاهی در تشدید فرسایش آبکندی را نشان می‌­دهد. بنابراین، ضروری است، حتی­‌المقدور با ایجاد و استقرار پوشش گیاهی دائم و سازگار، اقدام به پایداری و بهبود ساختمان خاک و افزایش ماده­ آلی شود و برنامه­‌های کنترلی و مدیریتی، در اراضی که دارای مقدار سیلت بیشتری هستند، با دقت بیشتری عملیاتی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the effective factors on creation of gully erosion using data mining methods in Bayan Watershed, Fars Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad hedayatfard 1
  • Hamid Gholami 2
  • Seyed Masoud Soleimanpour 3
  • Arashk Holisaz 4

1 PhD Candidate of Desert Management, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, BandarAbbas, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, BandarAbbas, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, BandarAbbas, Iran

چکیده [English]

Gully erosion is one of the most important phenomenons in land degradation and desertification, which upsets the balance of environmental resources and its sustainability. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors on creation of gully erosion using data mining methods in Bayan Watershed in the north of Fars Province. K-Means clustering algorithms and CART decision tree were used to model gully erosion. The estimated accuracy based on the parameters affecting the creation area in the final model is 100% for the educational data set and 71.43% for the experimental data set. Results from measuring different variables from 40 selected gullies, including a target variable (creation area) and twelve predictive variables, like creation slope, vegetation, bare soil, surface gravel, surface litter, EC, pH, SAR, OM, clay, silt and sand in field and laboratory operations and the use of data mining techniques, showed that the creation of gullies in this watershed is a function of silt, acidity, bare soil, gravel and organic matter. These results showed the effect of vegetation and consequently, the presence of adequate organic matter in the soil as the most appropriate method for controlling gullies and the destructive and intensifying effect of bare lands without vegetation in intensifying gully erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and establish permanent and compatible vegetation, to stabilize and improve soil structure and increase organic matter, and control and management programs, in lands with more silt, to be operated more carefully.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bare soil
  • Desertification
  • Environmental resources
  • Land degradation
  • Vegetation cover
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