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مروری بر روش‌های تعیین فرسایش قابل‌تحمل خاک: چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز- اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

فرسایش قابل­ تحمل خاک مرز بین فرسایش طبیعی و تشدیدی بوده، یکی از اساسی­‌ترین و در عین حال پیچیده‌­ترین موضوعات در تحقیقات فرسایش خاک است. فرسایش قابل تحمل، معیاری اساسی برای آگاهی و قضاوت درباره وضعیت فرسایش خاک و میزان خطرات و آسیب­‌های بالقوه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی ناشی از آن می­‌باشد. بنابراین، تعیین دقیق و صحیح آن با استفاده از روش‌­های مناسب، بسیار حایز اهمیت است. برای این منظور، روش­‌های مختلفی ابداع شده است که می­‌توان آن­‌ها را در سه گروه اصلی، شامل روش‌­های مبتنی بر سرعت تشکیل خاک، روش‌­های مبتنی بر باروری کشاورزی خاک و روش‌­های مبتنی بر اثرات برون محلی تقسیم‌­بندی کرد. ابتدا، جزئیات روش‌­شناسی­‌های مختلف به همراه معایب و مزایای آن­‌ها بررسی شد و در نهایت، چالش‌­ها و فرصت‌­های تحقیقاتی در این زمینه ارائه شدند. دانشمندان مختلف در سال­‌های اخیر، بر ضرورت جامع­‌نگری در تعیین آستانه قابل تحمل تاکید کرده­‌اند، اما روش‌­شناسی­‌های موجود تا کنون موفق به تحقق بخشیدن به این مهم نشده‌­اند و هنوز در آغاز راه قرار دارند. بنابراین، چالش‌­ها و فرصت­‌های اصلی عمدتا به روش‌­شناسی و ارائه رویکردهای جدید تلفیقی و کاربردی برای تعیین فرسایش قابل تحمل مربوط می­‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An overview on soil loss tolerance methods: challenges and opportunities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Heidar Ghafari 1
  • Mahmood Arabkhedri 2
  • Manouchehr Gorji 3

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Tolerable soil erosion is the boundary between natural and accelerated erosion and is one of the most fundamental yet complex issues in soil erosion research. The tolerable erosion threshold is an essential criterion for awareness and judgment about the state of soil erosion and the extent of its potential economic, social and environmental risks and damages. Therefore, it is very important to determine it accurately and correctly using appropriate methods. For this purpose, various methods have been developed, which can be divided into three general groups including methods based on soil formation rate, methods based on agricultural soil productivity and methods based on off-site effects of erosion. First, the details of the various methodologies along with their disadvantages and advantages were examined, and finally, research challenges and opportunities in this field were presented. Various scientists in recent years have emphasized the need for comprehensiveness in determining tolerable thresholds, but existing methodologies have so far failed to achieve this, and are still at the beginning of the road. Thus, the main challenges and opportunities are mainly related to methodology and the presentation of new integrated and applied approaches to determine tolerable erosion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Accelerated erosion
  • Natural erosion
  • Soil formation rate
  • Soil productivity
  • Soil thickness
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 389-404
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