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تعیین ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر هدررفت خاک ناشی از آبکندها، مطالعه موردی: فتح‌آباد-بوئین‌زهرا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیک و حفاظت خاک دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه لرستان

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

3 دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی استان فارس

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

5 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

مدیریت فرسایش آبکندی نیازمند شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر آن است. این پژوهش، باهدف طبقه‌بندی آبکندها و تعیین مؤثرترین ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر هدررفت خاک در منطقه فتح‌آباد بویین‌زهرا در استان قزوین انجام شد. محل بالاکند 24 آبکند منتخب با سامانه موقعیت‌یاب جهانی ثبت و مشخصات شکلی مثل طول، عرض و عمق آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری‌ شد. حجم کل هدررفت خاک با جمع احجام جزئی در مقاطع تغییر شکل آبکند تعیین شد. نمونه‌های سطحی خاک از بالاکند تهیه و نوع بافت، EC، pH، ماده‌ آلی و برخی آنیون‌ها و کاتیون‌ تعیین شدند. شاخص‌های مرتبط به شکل آبخیز از مدل رقومی ارتفاع حاصل از پردازش تصاویر پهپاد استخراج شد. گروه‌بندی آبکندها، همبستگی بین عوامل و تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی به‌­ترتیب با استفاده از تحلیل خوشه‌­ای و رگرسیون چند متغیره به روش گام‌به‌گام انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، آبکندها دارای بالاکند عموماً عمودی، مقطع عرضی ذوزنقه‌ای شکل و دارای پلان عمومی خطی هستند. متوسط عمق بالاکند، عمق در 50 درصد طول آبکند و متوسط طول آن‌ها به‌­ترتیب 0.4، 0.6 و 25 متر بود. بافت خاک لوم و متوسط اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده بافت خاک شامل شن، سیلت و رس به‌ترتیب 30، 46 و 24 درصد به‌دست آمد. متوسط شوری هشت dSm-1 و متوسط pH نمونه‌ها 8.4 بود. حجم کل هدررفت خاک با متغیرهای به‌ترتیب سطح مقطع متوسط، متوسط عرض پایین و بالای آبکند، میزان شن، متوسط عمق آبکند و طول کل دارای ضرایب همبستگی بیشتر از 0.6 و در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بودند. نتایج رگرسیون چند متغیره نیز نشان داد که از مؤثرترین ویژگی­‌های مؤثر بر هدررفت خاک به‌­وسیله آبکندهای منطقه به‌­ترتیب درصد اشباع، مقدار شن، طول حوضه، مساحت حوضه و ضریب گردی به‌­ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را در برآورد هدررفت خاک داشتند که وارد معادله پیش‌بینی هدررفت خاک شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of effective factors on soil loss caused by gullies using drone, a case study of Fatah Abad, Buin Zahra

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Bayat 1
  • Afsaneh Alinejadian 2
  • majid soufi 3
  • abbas maleki 4
  • Omidali Akbarpour 5

1 PhD. Student, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran

4 Assistant Prof., Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran

5 Assistant Prof., Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran

چکیده [English]

Recognition of influential factors is required for management of gully erosion. The purpose of this study was gully classification and determining the most effective variables on the soil loss in the Fath Abad, Buin Zahra in Qazvin Province. Twenty four gullies were selected, surveyed and recorded by GPS, and their morphologic characteristics including length, width and depth were measured. Surface soil samples were taken from headcut and were analyzed for texture, EC, pH, organic matter and some anions and cations. Indices related to the form of watershed were extracted from the digital elevation model which derived from UAV image processing. The Ward method was used for cluster analysis of gullies and their properties. Factor analysis, the correlation between factors and multivariate regression were performed to determine important and effective factors on the formation of gullies in SPSS. The results of the research indicated that gullies have vertical headcuts, trapezoidal cross-sections and linear general plans. The average depth of headcuts, depth at 50% of the gully length and the average gully length were 0.4, 0.6 and 25 m, respectively. Soil texture was loam and average soil texture components including sand, silt and clay were 30, 46 and 24%, respectively. The mean EC and pH of the samples was 8 dSm-1 and 8.4 respectively. Linear correlation between the total volume of soil loss and other gully characteristics showed that the average cross section, average gully lower width and upper width, sand content, average gully depth and total length have meaningful correlation coefficients greater than 0.6 at 1% percent level. Also, multivariate regression results showed that the most effective factors on soil loss by gully erosion were saturation percentage, sand content, roundness coefficient, basin length and area respectively, which had more effect on soil loss prediction, which entered into the loss prediction equation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Area
  • Correlation
  • Headcut
  • Qazvin
  • UAV
  • Watershed
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 13، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 445-459
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هم رسانی
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