با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 عضو هیأت علمی، مدیر داخلی مجله

چکیده

فرایند بیابان‌­زایی با کاهش توان تولید بیولوژیک، منجر به انهدام اکوسیستم‌­های طبیعی می‌­شود. به­‌منظور بررسی پتانسیل خطر بیابان‌­زایی در محدوده مراتع مشرف به اشتهارد (ارتفاعات حلقه دره)، نخست اقدام به تهیه‏ نقشه‏ طبقات شیب، کاربری اراضی و زمین­‌شناسی با هدف ایجاد واحدهای همگن شد، به‌­طوری­‌که از طریق روی ­هم قرار دادن و تقاطع این نقشه‌‏ها، نقشه‏ واحدهای­‌کاری حاصل شد. در این تحقیق، سه شاخص حساسیت­‌پذیری نسبت به فرسایش، شوری و نفوذپذیری در هر یک از واحدهای کاری در نظر گرفته شدند که در نهایت هر یک به‌صورت نقشه‌‏ای طبقه‌بندی شده ارایه شدند. در این تحقیق، به­‌منظور پهنه‌‏بندی منطقه‏ تحقیق از نظر شاخص شوری و نیز نفوذپذیری به‌­ترتیب 185 و 179 نمونه طی سال­‌های 1396 و 1397 برداشت شد. سپس، اقدام به محاسبه وزن شاخص‌­ها و نیز نسبت سازگاری با کاربرد روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) شد. همچنین، از روش بهینه‌­سازی چند­معیاره و راه‌حل سازشی (VIKOR) به­‌منظور تعیین پتانسیل خطر بیابان­‌زایی استفاده شد، به­‌طوری­‌که پس از محاسبه ماتریس استانداردشده موزون، اولویت‌­بندی پتانسیل بیابان‌­زایی واحدها مبتنی بر شاخص ویکور انجام شد. دامنه تغییرات شاخص ویکور گزینه‌­ها مبتنی بر روش AHP-VIKOR از 0.443 تا 0.967 متغیر است. نتایج به‌­دست آمده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) نشان­ داد که از دیدگاه خبرگان، مهمترین عامل موثر در بیابان‌­زایی،‌ شوری است. سایر عوامل، از قبیل حساسیت به فرسایش و نیز ضریب نفوذپذیری به‌ترتیب در رده­‌های بعدی اهمیت قرار دارند. نتایج حاصل نشان‌­دهنده انطباق خیلی زیاد طبقات پتانسیل خطر بیابان­‌زایی حاصل از مدل AHP-VIKOR با طبقات مربوطه در نقشه شاهد بوده، به‌­طوری­‌که درصد انطباق و نیز عدم انطباق طبقات پتانسیل خطر بیابان­‌زایی محاسباتی با نقشه شاهد به‌­ترتیب 92.91 و 7.09 درصد است. بر این اساس، منطقه تحقیق دارای سه طبقه پتانسیل یا شدت خطر بیابان­زایی است. به‌طوری­‌که 169.39 هکتار (0.51 درصد) از منطقه دارای پتانسیل متوسط، 2336.56 هکتار (7.06 درصد) دارای پتانسیل زیاد و 30583.25 هکتار (92.43 درصد) دارای پتانسیل خیلی زیاد است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the role of edaphic factors on desertification potential using multicriteria optimization and compromise solution, case study: Halgh-e-Darreh highlands, Eshtehard County, Alborz Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Salehpour Jam 1
  • Hamid Reza Peyrowan 2
  • Mahmoud Reza Tabatabaei 2
  • Amir Sarreshtehdari 3
  • Jamal Mosaffaie 2

1 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Scientific staff

چکیده [English]

The desertification process, by reducing the biological production potential, leads to the destruction of ecosystems. In this research, to assess the role of edaphic factors on desertification in rangelands surrounding Eshtehard, Halgh-e-Darreh highlands, first, the map of units was created by crossing maps of slope classes, land uses, and geology using ArcGIS 10.3 software. Three indices of erodibility, salinity and permeability for each land unit were considered and classified. 185 and 179 samples were taken during 2018 and 2019 for indices of salinity and permeability for zoning of  the study area, respectively. Then, weights of indices and consistency ratio were calculated by the AHP method. Method of multicriteria optimization and compromise solution, VIKOR method was used to prioritize the alternatives. After calculating the weighted normalized values, priority was given to desertification potential of the units. Also, the results of AHP showed that from the experts' point of view, salinity is the most important factor in desertification. Other factors such as susceptibility to erosion and permeability coefficient are in the next rank order, respectively. The AHP-VIKOR model has very high degree of adaptation to the corresponding classes in the control map. The percentage of compliance and non-compliance of the classes of the potential of desertification risk were 92.91% and 7.09%, respectively. The range of changes of Vikor index based on AHP-VIKOR method varies from 0.443 to 0.967. Accordingly, the study area has three classes of potential or severity of desertification areally 0.5% moderate, 7.06% high and 92.43% very high class respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analytical hierarchy process
  • Decision making
  • Desertification hazrd
  • Positive ideal
  • VIKOR
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