نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زابل، ایران
چکیده
فرسایش خاک چالش مهم مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است که باعث کاهش محصول و هدر رفت خاک می‌شود. عدم بهرهبرداری مناسب از عرصه‌های طبیعی سبب ایجاد فرسایش شده است. این پژوهش در شمال سیستان انجام گرفت و هدف از اجرای آن شناسایی تاثیر ماسه بادی بر افزایش رطوبت در منطقه ریشه بوده است. برای اجرای پژوهش، سه نمونه خاک از عمق صفر تا 50 سانتیمتری برداشته شد و ویژگی‌های اسیدیته، شوری، کربن، مجموع کلسیم و منیزیم، پتاسیم قابل جذب، سدیم قابل جذب، سدیم محلول، فسفر قابل جذب، مجموع کاتیون‌ها و بافت خاک آزمایش شدند. این پژوهش دارای هشت تیمار شامل نهال، خاک و آبیاری بود که به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت-پلات در سه تکرار به مدت دو سال انجام شد. در تیمار ماسه بادی بعد از کاشت نهال در هر چاله، یک لایه 20 سانتیمتری ماسه بادی روی خاک ریخته شد. در این آزمایش رطوبت خاک به‌طور ماهانه و رشد گیاه در فصول رشد اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MSTAT صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که مقدار رطوبت در تیمارهای همراه ماسه بادی نسبت به سایر تیمارها 28 درصد بیشتر و از لحاظ آماری در سطح 0.01 تفاوت معنیدار بین میانگین آنها وجود دارد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری روی اهمیت روش‌های به‌کار گرفته برای رطوبت نشان داد که ماسه بادی به همراه آبیاری زیرسطحی نهال توت در طبقه A و سایر تیمارها در طبقه B قرار داشتند. همچنین اندازه‌گیری ارتفاع، تاج پوشش، قطر و تعداد شاخه نشان داد که نهال‌های تیمار همراه با لایه شنی توت با روش آبیاری زیرسطحی رشد مناسب‌تری نسبت به دیگر تیمارها داشت و از لحاظ آماری نیز در سطح 0.01 اختلاف معنی‌داری بین آنها مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود، ماسه بادی باعث قطع صعود کاپیلاریته، تقلیل تبخیر خاک، افزایش رطوبت در منطقه ریشه و باعث حفاظت از آب و خاک می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of sand on increased moisture in the root zone using two methods of irrigation
نویسنده [English]
- Mansour Jahantigh
Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research, Education and Extension Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]
Soil erosion is an important chalenge in arid and semi-arid regions which has a negative impact on soil productivity and lose soil. Improper management of natural resources causes soil erosion. This reaearch was implemented in the north of Sistan and its aim was to idintyfy the effect of sand on increased moisture in the plant root zone. For this pupose, three soil samples were collected from 0-50 cm depth and their pH, EC, C, Ca, Mg, K, Na, ESP, available phosphor, cations and texture were tested. This research had eight treatments including plant, soil and irrigation which have been done in split split-plot in four replication durig tow years. After plating a 20 cm layer of sand was applied on the soil surface in each pit. In this experiment, soil moisture was measured monthly and plant growth was measured in growing season. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using MSTAT software. Result showed that the amount of moisture was 28% higher in sand compared to other treatments at the level of 99%. According to the findings of statistical analysis on the impotance of methods used for soil moisture, the sand along with subsurface irrigation of toot had better groth at the level of 99% and were in class A and the other treatments were in class B. The conclusion was that sand causes decreasing in capillary, reducing soil evaporation, increasing moisture around root zone of the plants and water and soil conservation.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- MSTAT software
- Plant root
- Sand
- Soil moisture
- Vegetation cover
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