نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران
2 عضو هیات علمی و رئیش بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری - مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان
چکیده
این تحقیق به بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و اشکال فرسایش مارن‌های حوزه آبخیز زنجانرود می‌پردازد. برای این منظور ابتدا نقشه پراکنش و سیمای فرسایش واحدهای مارنی حوزه آبخیز زنجانرود تهیه و با تلفیق نقشه‌های مختلف، نقشه واحد کاری حوزه فراهم گردید. با انتخاب مناطقی از واحدهای کاری اقدام به نمونه برداری از خاک و آنالیز آزمایشگاهی و انجام تجزیه و تحلیل آماری شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده واحدهای مارنی منطقه 20 درصد مساحت کل حوزه را تشکیل می‌دهند که شامل دو تیپ مارن پلیوسن (PLM)(99/75درصد) و تیپ مارن قرمز بالایی (Mur) (0/25 درصد )می‌باشد. در این حوزه چهار رخساره فرسایشی سطحی، شیاری، هزار دره و خندقی وجود دارد که رخساره فرسایشی شیاری با 61% بیشترین سطح و گستردگی را دارد. از بین عناصر عنصر گچ در سطح و عناصر سدیم محلول و کلسیم و منیزیم در عمق تمرکز یافته‌اند. بطوریکه در عمق واحد مارنی بر میزان شوری ،اسیدیته و درصد رس اضافه می‌شود که به دلیل آب‌شویی املاح و مواد ریزدانه توسط رواناب سطحی و انتقال آن‌ها از سطح به عمق می‌شود. تفاوت معنی داری در مقدار هدایت الکتریکی ، رس، آهک و گچ در بین اشکال فرسایشی وجود دارد. ولی این تفاوت در مورد درصد مواد ختنی شونده و نسبت جذب سدیم مشاهده نگردید. عدم اختلاف معنی‌دار بین بعضی از پارامترهای مورد بررسی در این پژوهش می‌تواند ناشی از ایجاد حالت تعادلی در بین ویژگی‌های خاک با هم و خنثی نمودن اثر یکدیگر باشد. تفاوت در شکل فرسایشی واحدهای مارنی ناشی از اختلاف در خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی آن‌هاست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Study of physico -chemical charastristics and Erosion Shapes of Zanjan rud Basins
چکیده [English]
Physicochemical properties and the forms of erosion of marl formations as well studied in this experiment within Zanjanrud watershed basin. At first, the distribution and erosion landscape maps for different marl formation were prepared and then by overlying different maps the final map of working units were produced. Soil samples from selected points within each working unit were collected and after laboratory measurements statistical analyses were applied. The results suggested that surface and sheet erosion were more dominated than other forms of erosion. While gypsum content was concentrated at surface, some elements such as Ca, Mg, and dissolved Na subsided in lower layers. Marl units account for 20% of the total area of the basin, which consists of two types of Marl Pliocene (Plm) (99.75%) and the upper Red marl (Mur) (0.25%). In this basin, there are four superficial erosional facies, surface,rill, badland and gully erosin, with the rill erosion facies having the highest and most expanse of 61%. Toward the deeper layers in marl soils level of salinity, pH and clay percentage increases as the result of leaching of salts and fine material by runoff and transferring them from surface to depth. There is statistical significant difference in the amount of EC, clay, limestone, and gypsum among various forms of erosion, so that the highest and lowest level of EC were found respectively in deep gully and upper layers of surface erosions. Highest content of gypsum was found in badland erosion while the lowest of that was found in surface erosion. Therefore, changes of chemical properties are mostly found in surface and badland erosions. Finally, prevention of these two types of erosion must be prioritized because they can be precursors to other forms of erosion in this type of marl soil.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Marl
- erosion
- watershed
- Zanjanrud
- physicochemical
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