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ارزیابی نقش رسوبات رسی نئوژن در وقوع زمین‌لغزش‌ها، جنوب استان اردبیل، شمال غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد مهندسی عمران، ژئوتکنیک، دانشگاه آزاد واحد مرند، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

مناطق جنوبی استان اردبیل دارای سنگ­‌های رسوبی رس­دار است و در دامنه‌­­های آن هر ساله به‌علت وقوع زمین‎لغزش­‌های جدید و یا فعالیت دوباره زمین‌­لغزش­‌های قدیمی خسارت­‌های مالی زیادی وارد می‌­شود. در منطقه مورد مطالعه، لایه‌­های رسوبی رس­دار مربوط به سازند قرمز فوقانی بوده و به سن نئوژن هستند. کانی‎های رسی می‌­توانند به‌علت داشتن خصوصیت تورمی، عامل اصلی وقوع زمین‌­لغزش‌­ها باشند. این پژوهش برای آزمون فرضیه تأثیر خاک‌­های رس­دار تورم‌­پذیر در ناپایداری دامنه انجام گرفت. از مساحت 164500 هکتاری منطقه در 11.91 درصد از آن زمین‌لغزش اتفاق افتاده است. 32.8 درصد از لایه­‌های رسوبی رس­دار درگیر زمین‌­لغزش هستند. کمینه درصد ذرات ماسه، سیلت و رس در خاک­‌های رس­دار منطقه به‌ترتیب برابر صفر، 23.4 و هشت بوده، بیشینه آن­‌ها نیز برابر 39.9، 72 و 54.5 می­‌باشد. کمینه حد روانی نمونه­‌ها 36.7 درصد و بیشینه آن 67.66 می­‌باشد. حد خمیری نیز بین 19 تا 33.13 درصد تغییر می­‌کند. خاک‌­های منطقه دارای pH بالای هشت هستند. ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی بالای 30.41 میلی‌­اکی‌­والان در 100 گرم خاک که تا 76.52 نیز می‌رسد، از خصوصیات اصلی خاک­‌های منطقه است. درجه تورم‌پذیری خاک‌­های دامنه‌­های لغزشی با استفاده از ویژگی‌­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی و بر اساس روش­‌های مختلف در چهار گروه تورمی با پتانسیل کم، متوسط، بالا و خیلی بالا طبقه‌بندی شدند. دست­کم 80 درصد از نمونه­‌های خاک­ منطقه دارای پتانسیل تورمی متوسط و بالا بوده، 87.2 درصد از آن­‌ها در پهنه­‌های با خطر زمین­‌لغزش بالا و بسیار بالا قرار می­­‌گیرند. خاک­‌های رسی تورم‌­پذیر یکی از عوامل اصلی وقوع زمین‌لغزش­‌های منطقه هستند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the role of Neogene clay sediments in landslide occurrences, south of Ardebil Province, northwest of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Talaei 1
  • Arash Mohammadalizadeh 2

1 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), , Ardabil, Iran

2 MSc on Civil Engineering and Geotechnic, Islamic Azad University, Marand Branch, Marand, Iran

چکیده [English]

The southern areas of Ardebil Province have clay sedimentary rocks and many damages have been made because of new landslide occurrence or reactivation of old landslides every year. The clay sedimentary layers are related to the Upper Red Formations to the Neogene period in the study region. The clay minerals could be the main reason of the landslide occurrence because of swelling and shrinkage characteristics of soils. This research was carried out to test the hypothesis of the effect of clay expansive soils in slope instability. This area extends to 164500 ha, and 11.91% of it found to be affected by landslides. 32.8% of the whole area of the clay sedimentary rocks had experienced landslides. Minimum percentages of sand, silt and clay particles in the soil samples are 0.0, 23.4 and 8, and the maximum values ​​are 39.9, 72 and 54.5, respectively. Minimum liquid limit of samples is 36.7% and its maximum is 67.66. The plastic limit of the samples also varies between 19 and 33.13%. Soils have a pH above 8. The cation exchange capacity above 30.41 milligrams per 100 grams of soil, which reaches up to 76.52, is one of the main characteristics of the soils in the region. The swelling potential rates of the soils of landslide area have been classified to four respective zones indicating the low, medium, high and very high swelling potential using physical and chemical properties of soils and based on different methods. At least 80% of the soil samples in the area have a swelling potential with medium to high intensity and 87.2% of them are located in zones of high and very high landslide hazard. The expansive clay soils are one of the main causes of landslide occurrence in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Damage
  • Neogene
  • Plastic limit
  • Sedimentary rocks
  • Swelling potential
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 12، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 563-579
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