نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
2 دکترای علوم مرتع، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
این پژوهش، با هدف بررسی تاثیر سازه‌های احداث شده در رودخانه بودجان بر کمیت و کیفیت منابع آب منطقه انجام شد. این رودخانه، یکی از سرشاخه‌های رودخانه شور-دهاقان بوده، حوضه آن نقش مهمی در تامین آب اراضی پائین‌دست دارد. در این راستا، داده‌های هواشناسی، هیدرومتری و سایر اطلاعات و نقشه‌ها جمع‌آوری شد. حجم مخازن پشت بندهای احداثی و همچنین، میزان بارندگی طی دو سال اجرای پژوهش در باران‌سنج‌های تعبیه شده در حوضه اندازه‌گیری و با انجام مطالعات میدانی و ارزیابی از شرایط هیدرولوژیکی حوضه، بیلان آبی محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان مصرف آب کشاورزی در این حوضه، حدود 17 میلیون متر مکعب می‌باشد. چنانچه این مقدار از حجم آب ناشی از نزولات جوی (حدود 26.6 میلیون متر مکعب) کسر شود، باقی‌مانده 9.6 میلیون متر مکعب آب مازادی است که می‌تواند در اراضی زیردست مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. به این ترتیب نقش این حوضه در تامین آب مناطق زیردست مشخص میشود که برای کشت 1600 هکتار گندم با فرض 6000 متر مکعب آب مصرفی برای هر هکتار کافی است. احداث بندها با کاهش سرعت جریان آب، اثرات مخرب سیلاب‌های فصلی رودخانه را کاهش داده، با افزایش زمان نفوذ آب، سبب تغذیه بهتر آبخوان منطقه شده‌اند. حجم کم مخازن آب پشت بندهای احداثی، اختلالی در تامین آب مناطق زیردست ایجاد نکرده است، ولی عدم مدیریت صحیح پس از اجرای این عملیات و توسعه بی‌رویه باغات و اراضی کشاورزی به‌دلیل سهولت دسترسی به آب، زنگ خطری است که تمامی نتایج مثبت عملیات آبخیزداری را که با صرف هزینه بسیار زیاد اجرا شده را تحت‌الشعاع قرار داده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Watershed practices effects on quantitative and qualitative changes of groundwater resources in Budjan Dehaghan Basin
نویسندگان [English]
- Farzad Heidari 1
- Razieh Saboohi 2
1 Scientific board, Research Division of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
2 PhD of range management, Research Division of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]
This research was carried out aiming to investigate positive and negative aspects of watershed practices and their effects on quantity and quality of water resources in Budejan River basin. This river is one of the main branches of Shour-Dehaghan River and its area plays an important role in supplying water for lower lands. In this regard, meteorological data, hydrology and other information and maps were collected. The volume of dam reservoirs and the amount of rainfall within two years of the project were measured by field studies and hydrology studies were carried out by field measurement and assessment of hydrologic conditions of the basin. Results showed that the water content generated by these practices is enough to recharge groundwater. Construction of dams tended to decrease water flow rate and reduced the destructive effects of seasonal flood and with increasing water infiltration rate, it has increased aquifer recharge in the study area. The low volume of dam reservoirs has not caused irregularity in water supply of downhill lands. However, the lack of proper management of these operations and the excessive development of gardens and agricultural lands, due to the ease of access to water, overshadow positive results of watershed practices and offset it by a very high cost.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Aquifer recharge
- Dam construction
- Seasonal flood
- Water Balance
- Water penetration
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