با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبییعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

2 دکتری زمین‌شناسی، بخش حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

3 دانشیار بخش حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

قرق مرتع یک روش مدیریتی آبخیزداری به‌منظور بهبود وضعیت مراتع است. با این حال، اغلب مطالعات هیدرولوژی مرتع به بررسی اثر قرق بر هدررفت خاک در مقیاس کرت پرداخته‌اند و مطالعات اندکی اثر این اقدام مدیریتی بر رسوب تولیدی آبخیزهای کوچک در مقیاس‌های زمانی فصلی و سالانه را مد نظر قرار داده‌اند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی تولید رسوب در آبخیزهای قرق و تحت چرا به‌ترتیب با مساحت‌های 1.0 و 1.1 هکتار در آبخیز تحقیقاتی سنگانه واقع در شمال شرق استان خراسان رضوی طرح‌ریزی شده است. برای این منظور، رواناب و رسوب در مقیاس رگبار در خروجی حوضه‌های کوچک مربوط به 56 رگبار طی دوره 1385 الی 1395 جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج دلالت بر اثر کاهشی و معنی‌دار قرق مرتع بر رسوب‌دهی در مقیاس آبخیزهای کوچک داشته است. به‌گونه‌ای‌که کاهش 582 درصدی رسوب در تیمار قرق نسبت به چرای آزاد به‌دست آمد. همچنین، نتایج نشان‌ داد که اثر قرق بر فرایندهای هیدرولوژیک دارای تغییرات فصلی و سالانه است، به‌ گونه‌ای‌ که بیشینه و کمینه اختلاف بین تیمارها به‌ترتیب در فصل‌های بهار و زمستان مشاهده شده است. با استفاده از نتایج این پژوهش، می‌توان بیان کرد که مدیریت چرای دام طی فصل‌های حساس و همچنین، قرق مراتع در صورتی‌که مسائل اجتماعی آن برطرف شود، به‌عنوان یک راهکار عملی در کاهش رسوب حوزه‌های آبخیز مطرح است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of sediment yield under open grazing and exclosure micro-watersheds, case study: Sangnaeh area of Kalat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamzeh Noor 1
  • Ali Bagherian Kalat 2
  • Aliakbar Abbasi 3

1 Assistant, Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, Mashad, Iran

2 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, Mashad, Iran

3 Associated Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, Mashad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Rangeland exclusion is one of the watershed management methods that is applied for range rehabilitation. However, most rangeland hydrology studies have been focused on exclusion effects on soil loss at plot scale, whereas their effects on sediment yield at micro-watershed in seasonal and annual scales have rarely been considered. The present study was conducted in two sub-watersheds under exclosure and open grazing treatments, with area of 1.0 and 1.1 ha, respectively, in Sanganeh Watershed, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Runoff and sediment associated with 56 storm events occurred during 2006 to 2016 were estimated at the main outlet of the watershed. The results showed the significant decreasing effect of exclosure treatment on sediment yield at micro-watershed scale (p≤0.05). So that, 582% decrease in sediment yield was obtained in exclosure treatment compared to open grazing. Results also showed seasonal and annual variations of exclosure on hydrological processes so that, maximum and minimum differences in sediment yield among study treatments were founded. The results of this study suggest that livestock grazing management during sensitive seasons as well as rangeland exclosure, if its social problems are resolved, is a practical solution to reduce watershed sedimentation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaluation of watershed management practices
  • Rangeland hydrology
  • Sediment yield
  • Hydrological processes
  • Time scale
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