نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 عضو هیات علمی/ موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع/سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
2 عضو هیات علمی/ موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع
3 موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
چکیده
کیفیت آب همانند کمیت آن از مهم ترین عوامل مشخص کننده به منظور کاربرد آن در مصارف مختلف به شمار می رود. خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی آب نقش مهمی در طبقه‌بندی و ارزیابی کیقیت آب دارند. با هدف آشکارسازی کیفیت شیمیایی آب رودخانه گوپال در جنوب کشور و بررسی روند تعییرات سالانه آن طی سالهای 1361تا 1392 پارامترهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ار آنجا که ارایه نتایج حاصل از تجزیه شیمیایی آب به شکل گرافبکی فهم سیستم‌های پیچیده آبهای سطحی را ساده‌تر و سریع‌تر می‌کند روشهای گرافیکی از قبیل نمودارهای ویلکاکس، شولر، پایپر و کالینز نیز مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج روندیابی پارامترهای کیفی آب نشان داد که علیرغم روند نزولی در مقادیر اسیدیته و دبی جریان سایر پارامترهای شیمیایی آب دارای روند صعودی بوده و این روند به ترتیب در دوره‌های 5، 10، 20 شیب بیشتری نسبت به 30 ساله داشته‌اند. روند صعودی تغییرات پارامترهای کیفی و املاح محلول آب، نشان دهنده کاهش کیفیت آب و افزایش املاح محلول این رودخانه می‌باشد. نمودار ویلکاکس نشان داد آب رودخانه در کلاس C4S3 قرار داشته و برای مصارف کشاورزی و آبیاری از نظر احتمال خطر شور و سدیمی شدن نامناسب بوده و دیاگرام شولر نشان داد آب رودخانه در دسته کاملا نامطلوب از نظر شرب قرار داشته و از لحاظ مصارف صنعتی آب ایـن رودخانـه رسـوبگذار بوده و دیاگرام پایپر نشان داد یون‌هـای غالـب در ایـن رودخانه سدیم و سولفات بوده و آب تیپ و رخساره سولفاته سدیک دارد. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد ازکیفیت آب به‌خصوص 5 ساله اخیر مورد مطالعه مختوم به سال 1392 بشدت کاسته شده که این روند می‌تواند به دلیل برداشت بی‌رویه و عدم مدیریت صحیح بهره‌برداری، ورود زه‌آب‌های کشاورزی ، عدم رعایت حقابه رودخانه، احداث بندهای خاکی در مسیر آبراهه‌ها و از سوی دیگر خشکسالی‌های اخیر بوده که دبی آبی این رودخانه را تحت تاثیر قرار داده است و در نهایت موجب افزایش املاح محلول و کاهش کیفیت آب جهت مصارف گوناگون خصوصا در سالهای انتهایی بوده است لذا پیشنهاد می‌گردد در برنامه‌ریزی‌های مصارف آب رودخانه‌ها که برنامه ریزی بین بخشی را طلب می‌نماید به این مهم توجه وافر گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Water quality assessment of Gopal river and its variations in the Maroon basin
نویسندگان [English]
- sakineh Lotfinasabasl 1
- fatemeh Dargahian 2
- Mohammad Khosroshahi 3
1 Research institute OF Forest and Rangelands/ Scientific Board Member
2 scientific board member/research institute of forest and rangelands
3 Reseach institute of forests &ranglands
چکیده [English]
Water quality, as its quantity, is one of the most important determinant factors for its application in various uses. Physical and chemical properties of water play an important role in categorizing and evaluating water quality. With the aim of detecting the water chemical quality of Gupal river in the south of the country and studying its annual changes during the years 1982 to 2011, its physical and chemical parameters were studied. Since the presentation of the results of water quality analysis in the graphical form simplifies and makes faster understanding of complexity of surface water systems, graphical methods such as Wilcox, Schuler, Piper and Collins diagrams were also used. The results of variation and trends analysis of water quality parameters showed that in spite of the decreasing in the trend of acidity and flow rates, other chemical parameters of water had an increase in their trend and their terms was in order of 5, 10, 20 and 30, respectively. Increasing in the trend of variation in the water quality parameters and dissolved salts indicates a decrease in water quality and an increase in dissolved salts. The Wilcox diagram showed that the water lied in the class of C4S3and was inappropriate for irrigation and agricultural uses, and Schuler’s diagram showed the water quality is not acceptable and in terms of industrial water consumption the river was precipitate and the Piper diagram showed that the dominant ions in this river are sodium and sulfate, and water has type and facies of sulfate sodic.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Physico-chemical Parameter
- Gopal River
- Wilcox index. water salinity
- schuller
- calins and Piper Diagram
- Langelier index
- Ryznar index
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