با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 استادیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

3 دانشجوی دکتری اقلیم‌شناسی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

 برای پایش روند تغییرات زمانی و مکانی برف در مناطق برف‌گیری مانند زاگرس نیاز به داده‌های درازمدت برف با دقت مکانی بالا است، در حالی ‌که در بیشتر ایستگاه‌های منطقه زاگرس اندازه‌گیری برف‌ یا انجام نشده و یا آمار آن در دسترس نیست. از این‌­رو، در این پژوهش برای بررسی تغییرات زمانی و مکانی فصل برفی در منطقه زاگرس از داده‌های روزانه عمق برف ERA-Interim/Land در دوره آماری 2010-1979 میلادی استفاده شد. سپس، برای هر سال آبی (اکتبر تا سپتامبر سال بعد) از دوره آماری مورد مطالعه، نخستین تاریخی که در آن بیش از یک سانتی­‌متر برف ریزش کرده، به‌عنوان نخستین روز برفی و آخرین تاریخی که بیش از یک سانتی­‌متر برف دریافت کرده است، به‌عنوان آخرین روز برفی سال و فاصله زمانی میان این دو تاریخ نیز به‌عنوان فصل برفی سال تعریف شد. شیب تغییرات روند سری‌های زمانی زمان آغاز و پایان ریزش برف و طول فصل برفی نقاط مختلف منطقه مورد مطالعه با استفاده از رگرسیون خطی و برآوردگر خطی سن برآورد و معنی­‌داری آن‌ها به کمک آزمون من-کندال آزمون شد. افزون بر این، میانگین تاریخ­‌های آغاز و پایان ریزش برف و طول فصل برفی در دهه‌­های مختلف دوره مورد مطالعه با یکدیگر مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. همچنین، ارتباط بین تاریخ­‌های آغاز و پایان ریزش برف و طول فصل برفی در منطقه با ارتفاع، طول و عرض جغرافیایی آزمون شد. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی توزیع مکانی تاریخ نخستین و آخرین ریزش برف و طول فصل برفی منطقه مورد مطالعه با طول و عرض جغرافیایی و ارتفاع ایستگاه‌ها رابطه معنی‌داری دارد. بررسی روند تغییرات زمانی پارامترهای یاد­ شده نیز نشان داد که در بخش گسترده­ای از زاگرس زمان آغاز نخستین بارش برف سال به تاخیر افتاده است و زمان ریزش آخرین برف سال نیز پیش افتاده است. پس، افتادن نخستین بارش برف سال و پیش افتادن آخرین بارش برف سال باعث کوتاه‌­تر شدن طول فصل برفی در منطقه شده است. بخش بزرگی از این روند کاهشی نتیجه کاهش شدید و معنی‌­دار سری زمانی زمان آخرین برف سال است که با شیب تندی کاهش‌یافته و خود را از ماه مارس به ماه‌های آوریل و ژانویه منتقل کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An investigation on the spatio-temporal variability of snow season and its start and end dates in the mountainous region of Zagros

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Jahanbakhsh asl 1
  • Behroz Sari Sarraf 1
  • Tayeb Raziei 2
  • Akram Parandeh khouzani 3

1 Professor, Faculty of Geography and Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Center (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 PhD Student, Faculty of Geography and Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to monitor spatiotemporal variability of snow in mountainous areas such as Zagros in Iran, long-term records of snow observations with high spatial resolution are required. However, no such data are either observed or available for the stations of the Zagros region. Therefore, in this study, the Era-Interim/Land snow depth data for the period 1979-2010 were used in order to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of snow season length and the associated starting and ending dates in the Zagros region. To do so, for each hydrological year starting from October and ending in September, the first and last snow dates with snow depth equal to or greater than one centimeter were defined as the first and last day of observed snow on the ground and the time period between these two dates was considered as the snow season length. For each grid points over the study area, the time series of snow start and end dates, as well as the length of the snow season, were extracted and the rate of their temporal changes was estimated using the Sen Slope estimator and were examined using the Mann-Kendal trend test to test if they are statistically significant. Moreover, the considered time period was divided into three different sub-periods and the mean values of these parameters (i.e., first and last snow dates and snow season length) in the three sub-periods were also compared. The links between these parameters and the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the grid points were also examined. Results indicated that the spatial pattern of the first and last snow dates and snow season length fairly follow the geographical features of the study area and thus have a statistically significant relationship with the latitude, longitude, and altitude. Time variability of the considered parameters over all the studied grid points revealed that the date of the first snow in the most proportion of the study area retreated towards the late autumn and January and the date of the last snow also retreated towards March and February, thus, resulting in the shorter winter season in recent years. The observed statistically significant decreasing trend in the time series of the last snow dates towards March and February has the most contribution in shortening the length of the snow season.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ECMWF
  • First snow date
  • Last snow date
  • Snow depth
  • Snow season
  • Time variability
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