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بررسی شاخص‌های اجتماعی موثر در عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح‌های منابع طبیعی با کاربرد روش AHP و آزمون‌های ناپارامتریک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 مربی، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

4 استادیار، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان

چکیده

مشارکت مردمی در اجرای عملیات منابع طبیعی، از جمله رویکردهایی است که ضامن تحقق اهداف و موفقیت طرح‌­ها است. در این پژوهش، با تکیه بر تجارب کارشناسی و بر اساس عملیات مختلف منابع طبیعی اجرا ­شده در حوزه‌­های آبخیز مشرف به شهر تهران، شاخص­‌ها و زیر­شاخص­‌های اجتماعی موثر در عدم مشارکت مردمی در قالب سه شاخص و 10 زیرشاخص شناسایی و تعیین شد. نتایج حاصل از اولویت­‌بندی شاخص­‌های اجتماعی موثر در عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح­‌های منابع طبیعی مبتنی بر اوزان به‌­دست آمده از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP مبتنی بر پرسش‌نامه خبرگان نشان می‌­­دهد که شاخص‌­های نامطلوبیت رفتاری با وزن نهایی 0.623 و نامطلوبیت دموگرافیک با وزن نهایی 0.130، به‌­ترتیب بیشینه و کمینه اولویت را به‌­خود اختصاص داده‌­اند، به‌­طوری ­که رتبه‌­بندی شاخص­‌ها مبتنی بر اوزان به­‌دست آمده، به‌­ترتیب اهمیت از بیشینه به کمینه به‌­صورت شاخص نامطلوبیت رفتاری، مشکلات فرهنگی و نامطلوبیت دموگرافیک است. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از رتبه‌­بندی زیر­شاخص‌­ها بر اساس آزمون رتبه‌­های دبلیو کندال نشان­‌دهنده تفاوت نقش زیرشاخص­های اجتماعی مؤثر بر عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح­های منابع طبیعی است. به­طوری ­که زیرشاخص عدم اطمینان مردم در اثربخشی نظراتشان با میانگین رتبه 6.80 و زیرشاخص پایین بودن سطح سواد و آگاهی با میانگین رتبه 3.16 به‌­ترتیب بیشینه و کمینه میانگین رتبه را به ­خود اختصاص داده است. نتایج پژوهش، نشان‌دهنده نقش اصلی شاخص عدم اعتماد مردمی به­­‌عنوان مرجح‌­ترین شاخص مؤثر بر عدم مشارکت مردمی است. به­‌طوری­ که، زیر­شاخص‌­های عدم اطمینان مردم در اثربخشی نظراتشان و عدم اعتماد نسبت به تداوم پروژه­‌ها به‌­علت اجرای نیمه‌کاره طرح­‌ها دو اولویت نخست را به‌­خود اختصاص داده‌اند. همچنین، زیرشاخص کمبود نیروی جوان در روستاها در نتیجه مهاجرت به شهرها از شاخص نامطلوبیت دموگرافیک و نیز زیرشاخص نبود یا کم‌رنگ بودن فرهنگ مشارکت از شاخص مشکلات فرهنگی به­‌عنوان مهمترین زیرشاخص‌­های اجتماعی مؤثر در عدم مشارکت مردمی رتبه‌بندی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritization of preventing social indices affecting on peoples' participation in natural resources plans using AHP method and nonparametric tests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Salehpour Jam 1
  • Fahimeh Rasooli 2
  • Amir Sarreshtehdari 3
  • Jamal Mosaffaie 1
  • Mohammad Kia Kianian 4

1 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 MSc Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Scientific Board, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Iran

چکیده [English]

People participation in the implementation of natural resources practices is one of the approeches that ensure the fulfillment of the goals and success of the projects. In this study, based on expert experience and different projects of natural resources implemented in watershed area surrounding city of Tehran, the preventing social indices and sub-indices affecting on people participation were recognized and determined into three indices and 10 sub-indices. Obtained results from prioritizing effective social indices on preventing people participation in natural resources plans based on obtained weights from AHP method and expert questionary indicate that “unfavorable behaviorial indices” with weight of 0.623 and “unfavorable demographic indices” with weight of 0.130 have respectively maximum and minimum priorities, in the manner that prioritization of indices based on weights from maximum to minimum importance are “unfavorable behaviorial indices”, “cultural problems” and “unfavorable demographic indices”.Obtained results from prioritizing effective sub-indices based on expert questionary and the Kendalls' W rank test indicate that sub-indices have different roles on preventing people participation in natural resources plans, in the manner that the indices of “shortage of people trust in considering their ideas” with rank mean of 6.80 and “being low literacy and knowledge” with rank mean of 3.16 have respectively maximum and minimum priorities. The results also show that the index of “shortage of people trust” has the most priority as a preventing factor affecting on people participation, in the manner that two sub-indices of “shortage of people trust in considering their ideas” and “shortage of trust to continue projects”are two first priorities, respectively. Sub-indices of “shortage of young people in villages” from index of “unfavorable demographic indices” and also “being low or lack of culture of participation” from index of “cultural problems” were ranked as the most important social sub-indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultural problems
  • Kendalls' W rank test
  • MCDM
  • Unfavorable behaviorial indices
  • Unfavorable demographic indices
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 12، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 330-339
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