با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 مربی، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

4 استادیار، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان

چکیده

مشارکت مردمی در اجرای عملیات منابع طبیعی، از جمله رویکردهایی است که ضامن تحقق اهداف و موفقیت طرح‌­ها است. در این پژوهش، با تکیه بر تجارب کارشناسی و بر اساس عملیات مختلف منابع طبیعی اجرا ­شده در حوزه‌­های آبخیز مشرف به شهر تهران، شاخص­‌ها و زیر­شاخص­‌های اجتماعی موثر در عدم مشارکت مردمی در قالب سه شاخص و 10 زیرشاخص شناسایی و تعیین شد. نتایج حاصل از اولویت­‌بندی شاخص­‌های اجتماعی موثر در عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح­‌های منابع طبیعی مبتنی بر اوزان به‌­دست آمده از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP مبتنی بر پرسش‌نامه خبرگان نشان می‌­­دهد که شاخص‌­های نامطلوبیت رفتاری با وزن نهایی 0.623 و نامطلوبیت دموگرافیک با وزن نهایی 0.130، به‌­ترتیب بیشینه و کمینه اولویت را به‌­خود اختصاص داده‌­اند، به‌­طوری ­که رتبه‌­بندی شاخص­‌ها مبتنی بر اوزان به­‌دست آمده، به‌­ترتیب اهمیت از بیشینه به کمینه به‌­صورت شاخص نامطلوبیت رفتاری، مشکلات فرهنگی و نامطلوبیت دموگرافیک است. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از رتبه‌­بندی زیر­شاخص‌­ها بر اساس آزمون رتبه‌­های دبلیو کندال نشان­‌دهنده تفاوت نقش زیرشاخص­های اجتماعی مؤثر بر عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح­های منابع طبیعی است. به­طوری ­که زیرشاخص عدم اطمینان مردم در اثربخشی نظراتشان با میانگین رتبه 6.80 و زیرشاخص پایین بودن سطح سواد و آگاهی با میانگین رتبه 3.16 به‌­ترتیب بیشینه و کمینه میانگین رتبه را به ­خود اختصاص داده است. نتایج پژوهش، نشان‌دهنده نقش اصلی شاخص عدم اعتماد مردمی به­­‌عنوان مرجح‌­ترین شاخص مؤثر بر عدم مشارکت مردمی است. به­‌طوری­ که، زیر­شاخص‌­های عدم اطمینان مردم در اثربخشی نظراتشان و عدم اعتماد نسبت به تداوم پروژه­‌ها به‌­علت اجرای نیمه‌کاره طرح­‌ها دو اولویت نخست را به‌­خود اختصاص داده‌اند. همچنین، زیرشاخص کمبود نیروی جوان در روستاها در نتیجه مهاجرت به شهرها از شاخص نامطلوبیت دموگرافیک و نیز زیرشاخص نبود یا کم‌رنگ بودن فرهنگ مشارکت از شاخص مشکلات فرهنگی به­‌عنوان مهمترین زیرشاخص‌­های اجتماعی مؤثر در عدم مشارکت مردمی رتبه‌بندی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritization of preventing social indices affecting on peoples' participation in natural resources plans using AHP method and nonparametric tests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Salehpour Jam 1
  • Fahimeh Rasooli 2
  • Amir Sarreshtehdari 3
  • Jamal Mosaffaie 1
  • Mohammad Kia Kianian 4

1 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 MSc Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Scientific Board, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Iran

چکیده [English]

People participation in the implementation of natural resources practices is one of the approeches that ensure the fulfillment of the goals and success of the projects. In this study, based on expert experience and different projects of natural resources implemented in watershed area surrounding city of Tehran, the preventing social indices and sub-indices affecting on people participation were recognized and determined into three indices and 10 sub-indices. Obtained results from prioritizing effective social indices on preventing people participation in natural resources plans based on obtained weights from AHP method and expert questionary indicate that “unfavorable behaviorial indices” with weight of 0.623 and “unfavorable demographic indices” with weight of 0.130 have respectively maximum and minimum priorities, in the manner that prioritization of indices based on weights from maximum to minimum importance are “unfavorable behaviorial indices”, “cultural problems” and “unfavorable demographic indices”.Obtained results from prioritizing effective sub-indices based on expert questionary and the Kendalls' W rank test indicate that sub-indices have different roles on preventing people participation in natural resources plans, in the manner that the indices of “shortage of people trust in considering their ideas” with rank mean of 6.80 and “being low literacy and knowledge” with rank mean of 3.16 have respectively maximum and minimum priorities. The results also show that the index of “shortage of people trust” has the most priority as a preventing factor affecting on people participation, in the manner that two sub-indices of “shortage of people trust in considering their ideas” and “shortage of trust to continue projects”are two first priorities, respectively. Sub-indices of “shortage of young people in villages” from index of “unfavorable demographic indices” and also “being low or lack of culture of participation” from index of “cultural problems” were ranked as the most important social sub-indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultural problems
  • Kendalls' W rank test
  • MCDM
  • Unfavorable behaviorial indices
  • Unfavorable demographic indices
  1. Abdolmaleki, M., M. Pezeshkirad and M. Chizari. 2007. An investigation on short term extension and educational cources relating to ranch owners in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1(13): 39-53 (in Persian).
  2. Baghaei, M., G. Chizari, M. Pezeshkirad and S. Feali. 2009. Personal and social factors influencing rural participation of hone Jans Zar Cheshmeh catchments in watershed management projects. Iran Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 1(4): 73-87 (in Persian).
  3. Bagherian, R., A.S. Bahaman, A.S. Asnarulkhadi and A. Shamsuddin. 2009. A social exchange approach to people’s participation in watershed management programs in Iran. European Journal of Scientific Research, )34(: 428-441.
  4. Clayton, A. 2005. Empowerment people: a guide for participation. Translated by Piroz Izadi, Sarvestan Press, Tehran, 98 pages.
  5. Feiznia, S., A. Salehpour Jam and M.K. Kianian. 2006. Investigation of preventing factors affecting on people participation in natural resources plans, case study: Roude Shoor watershed area. Journal of Mountainous Environment, 6(1): 23-35 (in Persian).
  6. George, D. and P. Mallery. 2003. SPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.), Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 381 pages.
  7. Habibpour Gatabi, K. and R. Safari Shali. 2011. Comprehensive manual for using SPSS in survey researches. Motefakkeran Press, Tehran, 861 pages (in Persian).
  8. Hematzadeh, Y. and N. Khalighi. 2006. Effective factors survey on lake of participation of users in pasture and watershed management design, case study: user of Kchik reagent sphere in Golestan Province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 13(4): 35-49 (in Persian).
  9. Jamshidi, A.R. and A.M. Amini. 2013. Evaluation of factors affecting on natural resource degradation from the viewpoint of experts management of natural resources in Ilam Journal of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources, 1(4): 12-29 (in Persian).
  10. Karimpour Reihan, M, Salehpour Jam A, Kianian M.K. and D. Jahani. 2007. Investigation of pedological criterion on land degradation in quaternary rock units (Case Study: Rude-Shoor watershed area), Desert, 12: 77-84.
  11. Mahmoudi, J., S.Kh. Mahdavi and Sh. Lotfi. 2014. The study of the effective factors upon participation of beneficiaries about conservation, rehabilitation and utilization of ranges, case study: Roodbar Khoortab watershed area, city of Nour. Journal of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources, 2(1): 21-34 (in Persian).
  12. Mann, S. 2005. Farm size growth and participation in agri-environmental schemes: a configural frequency analysis of the Swiss case. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(3): 373-384.
  13. Mansourfar, K. 2006. Advanced methods of statistics with computer programs. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 123 pages (in Persian).
  14. Mansouri, A., A. Salehpour Jam, M. Mohammadi and M.K. Kianian. 2016. Investigation and prioritizing preventing factors of people participation in natural resources plans, case study: Kan watershed area, Tehran, Iran. 2nd National Conference on Conservation of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 7 pages (in Persian).
  15. Mendoza, C.C. 2006. Factors influencing participation in environmental stewardship programs, a case stady of the agricultural and forestry sectors in Louisiana. PhD Thesis, Agricultural and Mechanical College, Louisiana State University, America, 175 pages.
  16. Moghadam, R., Gh. Dinpanah and F. Zand. 2013. Factors influence on economic-social effectiveness of watershed and natural resources plans. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3: 400-406.
  17. Mosaffaie, J., Nikkami, D. and A. Salehpour Jam. 2019. Watershed management in Iran: history, evolution and future needs. Watershed Engineering and Management, 11(2): 283-300 (in Persian).
  18. Mosaffaie, J. and A. Salehpour Jam. 2018. Economic assessment of the investment in soil and water conservation projects of watershed management. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(14): 1-10.
  19. Onagh, L. 2009. Investigation of participation and satisfaction amount of farmers from watershed plans, case study: Ghaz Mahaleh watershed area, Golestan Province. MSc Thesis, Education and Promotion of Agriculture Group, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran, 174 pages (in Persian).
  20. Prokopy, L.S. 2005. The relationship between participation and project outcomes: audience from rural water supply projects in India. Journal of World Development, 33(11): 1801-1819.
  21. Rasooli, M. and N. Tahmasebi Pour. 2012. Investigation of people participation role in developing plans and watershed management practices. 1st National Conference on Enviromental and Natural Resources Law in Zagros, Khorram Abad, 10 pages (in Persian).
  22. Saaty, T. The analytical hierarchy process: planning, priority setting, resource allocation, (Decision Making Series), McGraw-Hill, USA, 287 pages.
  23. Salehi, L. 2007. Investigation of effective factors on people participation in watershed management plans. 4th International Conference of Watershed Management, University of Tehran, 134 pages (in Persian).
  24. Salehpour Jam, A., Karimpour Reihan, M., Mohseni Saravi, M., Bazrafshan, J. and S. Khalighi Sigaroudi. 2017. Investigation of climate change effect on drought characteristics in the future period using the HadCM3 model (Case study: Khoy station, northwest of Iran). Desert, 22(1): 43-50.
  25. Salehpour Jam, A., M. Karimpour Reihan, M.K. Kianian and M. Tajiki. 2012. Investigation of preventing factors affecting on people participation in natural resources plans, case study: Ghoochak-Roudak area, Tehran, Iran. 1st National Desert Conference, University of Tehran, Tehran, 7 pages (in Persian).
  26. Salehpour Jam, A., Mohseni, S.M., Bazrafshan, J. and S. KHalighi. 2015. Investigation of climate change effect on drought characteristics in the future period using the HadCM3 model (case study: Northwest of Iran). Journal of Range and Watershed Management (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 67(4): 537-548 (in Persian).
  27. Salehpour Jam, A., A. Sarreshtehdari and M. Tabatabaei. 2018. Prioritizing preventing factors affecting on stakeholders' participation in watershed plans based on experts' idea, case study: watershed area surrounding city of Tehran. Watershed Engineering and Management, 9(4): 441-451 (in Persian).
  28. Salehpour Jam, A., Tabatabaei, M., Sarreshtehdari, A. and J. Mosaffaie. 2019. Investigation of drought characteristics in north-west of Iran using Deciles Index. Watershed Engineering and Management, 10(4): 552-563 (in Persian).
  29. Singleton, A. and M. Taylor. 1992. Common property, collective action and community. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 4(3): 309-324.
  30. Zakizadeh, F. and R. Asadi. 2012. Investigation of people participation role in watershed projects and alternative to develop them. 1st National Conference on Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Health Enviroment, Hamedan, Iran, 6 pages (in Persian).