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برآورد ارزش حفاظتی منابع آب زیرزمینی حوزه آبخیز الشتر از نگاه روستاییان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس‌ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

4 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

مدیریت منابع آب­ زیرزمینی یکی از مهمترین مسائل مدیریت منابع طبیعی به‌­شمار می­‌آید. عدم مدیریت صحیح این منابع باعث ایجاد مشکلات خطرناکی نظیر فرونشست زمین، شوری آبخوان و از بین رفتن تالاب­‌ها شده است. با رشد جمعیت، تقاضا برای آب­‌های زیرزمینی افزایش یافته، منجر به کمبود آب در بیشتر نقاط جهان از جمله ایران شده است. این در حالی است که بیشتر از نصف تقاضای سالانه آب در ایران را منابع آب زیرزمینی تأمین می­‌کنند. بنابراین، برآورد ارزش اقتصادی آب­‌های زیرزمینی در مدیریت صحیح منابع آب امری ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر، با استفاده از فنون تلفیقی مصاحبه و پرسش‌نامه به­منظور برآورد میانگین تمایل به پرداخت جامعه روستاییان ساکن در دشت الشتر طراحی و اجرا شده است. در همین رابطه، برخی از مهمترین متغیرهای اقتصادی-اجتماعی جامعه مورد مطالعه و نقش آن­‌ها در اصلاح نظام حفاظت و مدیریت بهینه منابع آب زیرزمینی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌­اند. جامعه آماری در این پژوهش، روستاییان شهرستان الشتر، همان برداشت­‌کنندگان اصلی منابع آب زیرزمینی بوده، حجم نمونه نیز با کمک فرمول کوکران، 490 به‌­دست آمده است. میانگین تمایل به پرداخت هر خانوار برای حفاظت از منابع آب­ زیرزمینی دشت الشتر، 920،758،1 ریال در سال تخمین زده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که ارزش کل حفاظتی آب‌­های زیرزمینی در دشت الشتر، 8،913،979،927 ریال در سال و ارزش حفاظتی یک مترمکعب آب زیرزمینی برای جمعیتی که تمایل به پرداخت خود را اظهار کرده­‌اند، بر اساس روش ارزش‌­گذاری مشروط، 208 ریال است. همچنین، متغیرهای مبلغ پیشنهادی، درآمد سالانه خانوار و تحصیلات به­‌صورت معنی‌داری بر روی تغییر تمایل به ­پرداخت پاسخ­گویان تاثیرگذارند. با توجه به این­‌که برای ارزش‌­های غیراستفاده‌­ای آب­‌های زیرزمینی بازاری وجود ندارد، یافته‌­های این مقاله می‌­تواند ابزار قدرتمندی در تصمیم‌­گیری و مدیریت منابع آب، برای مدیران بخش آب شکل ­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of preservation value of groundwater resources from the villagers' perspective in Alashtar Watershed, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Payam Amouzegari 1
  • Mostafa Panahi 2
  • Seyed Khalagh Mirnia 3
  • Alireza Daneshi 4

1 MSc, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University, Nour, Iran

4 PhD Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

چکیده [English]

Groundwater resources management is one of the most important issues of natural resources management. Lack of proper management of these resources has caused serious problems such as land subsidence, aquifer salinity and the annihilation of wetlands. With population growth, has increased demand groundwater and led to water scarcity in many parts of the world including Iran. Estimating the economic value of groundwater is a fundamental step in water resources management strategies. The present study was conducted using interviews and questionnaires to estimate the average willingness to pay the population of the villagers living in Alashtar Plain. In this regard, some of the most important socio-economic variables of the studied population and their role in optimizing the management of groundwater resources have been studied. The statistical society in this research includes the population of villagers residing in the Alashtar Plain as the beneficiaries of groundwater resources in the area with a sample size of 490 was calculated by the Cochran formula. However, the average willingness to pay to protect groundwater resources for each household of the Alashtar Plain was estimated as 1,758,920 Rials per year. Results showed that the total value of groundwater protection in the Alashtar Plain is 8,913 Milion Rials per year. The protective value of one cubic meter of groundwater for the population that has stated their willingness to pay is based on a contingent valuation method of 208.647 Rials. It was also observed that the offered price variables, annual household income and level of education significantly affect willingness to pay for the respondents. Given the fact that there is no market for groundwater non-use value, the findings of this paper can be a powerful tool for decision making and water resources management for water sector managers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alashtar Plain
  • Contingent valuation method
  • Logit model
  • Non-use value
  • Willingness to pay
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 12، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 57-71
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هم رسانی
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