با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

2 استاد، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

مفاهیم آب مجازی و بهره‌­وری آب به‌عنوان ابزارهای مدیریتی مؤثر در تحلیل مـسائل مرتبط بـا مدیریت منابع آب مطرح هستند. این پژوهش، به‌منظور استفاده از شاخص‌­های بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب در مدیریت منابع آب در حوضه تلوار استان کردستان انجام شد. در این راستا، داده‌های هواشناسی و اقلیم، منابع آب، کشاورزی، آبیاری و مدیریتی حوزه آبخیز جمع‌آوری شد. سطح زیرکشت محصولات آبی در حوضه شناسایی و درصد کشت آن­‌ها مشخص شد. اطلاعات مربوط به رشد این محصولات، تولید ماده خشک و میزان آب مصرفی آن‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار CROPWAT و اندازه‌گیری­‌های میدانی محاسبه شد. با استفاده از نتایج تحلیل این داده‌ها، شاخص‌های مدیریتی از جمله بهره‌­وری فیزیکی و بهره‌وری اقتصادی محصولات محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که پنج محصول گندم، سیب‌زمینی، جو، یونجه و شبدر بیش از 93 درصد سطح اراضی آبی حوضه را تشکیل می‌دهند. محصول سیب‌زمینی دارای بهره‌­وری فیزیکی بالا به میزان 3.46 و محصول گندم کمترین بهره‌­وری فیزیکی به میزان 0.43 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب را دارا است. با وجود عملکرد فیزیکی پایین گندم، بخش زیادی از آب مصرفی در محصول گندم، آب سبز است. حال ‌آن‌که سیب‌زمینی کمترین مقدار آب سبز را مصرف می‌کند. همچنین، از لحاظ بهره­‌وری اقتصادی محصولات گندم، جو و سیب‌زمینی بیشترین سود خالص اقتصادی را دارند و میزان سطح اراضی تحت کشت تطابق مناسبی با بهره‌وری اقتصادی دارد. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند به مدیریت صحیح و متناسب با منابع آب موجود در حوضه منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the physical and economic efficiency of water in major crops in the Talvar Watershed, Kurdistan, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ata Amini 1
  • Jahangir Porhemmat 2
  • Hossein Sedri 3

1 Associate Professor, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Professor, Soil Conservation and WatershedManagement Research Institute, Agricultural ‎Research, ‎Education ‎and ‎Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Virtual water concepts and water productivity are considered as powerful tools for analyzing issues related to water resource management. This research was conducted to use the indicators of physical and economic productivity of water, in water resources management in Talvar Watershed, Kurdistan, Iran. The data from field observation, meteorological and climatic, water resources, agriculture, irrigation and watershed management were collected. The crop area of the irrigated products in the watershed was identified and their cultivation percentage was determined. Data on the growth of these products and their water consumption were calculated using CROPWAT software and field data. Using the results of data analyzing, management indicators such as physical productivity and economic productivity of products were calculated. Results showed that five crops of wheat, potato, barley, alfalfa and clover make up more than 93% of the irrigated products area of the watershed. It was found that the potato and wheat were with highest and lowest physical efficiency, respectively. The potato is with highes productivity as 3.46 and wheat was with lowest one as 0.43 kg m-3. Despite of low physical efficiency for wheat, the major part of water consumption in this crop was from green water, while the potato is using the lowest rate of green water. In terms of economic productivity, barley and potato products were with most net economic benefits. The results of this research can lead to proper management and appropriate water resources in the basin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agriculture
  • Groundwater
  • Virtual water
  • Water resources
  • Watershed management
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