نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسارشد سنجش از دور و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
2 استادیار، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
در چند دهه گذشته وقوع تغییرات اقلیم و به تبع آن، کاهش نزولات جوی و نیز افزایش جمعیت در مناطق مختلف کشور باعث افزایش تقاضای آب برای مصارف گوناگون نظیر آشامیدن، کشاورزی، صنعتی و غیره شده که این مهم سبب روی آوردن به بهرهبرداری بیرویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی و افت شدید آن شده است. تکنیک تغذیه مصنوعی بهعنوان روشی برای جبران کسری حجم آبهای زیرزمینی بهویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. مکانیابی مناطق مناسب قبل از انجام عملیات تغذیه مصنوعی میتواند سبب بهبود بازده طرح و نتیجهبخش بودن آن شود. با نظر به معضلات موجود در ارتباط با کاهش منابع آب زیرزمینی در استان تهران، بهدلیل افزایش روزافزون جمعیت و گسترش صنعت و کشاورزی، این مطالعه به شناسایی و پهنهبندی مناطق مناسب برای تغذیه مصنوعی آبهای زیرزمینی در استان تهران پرداخته است. سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی میتواند در تعیین مناطق مناسب برای تغذیه مصنوعی با دقت بیشتر و زمان کمتر نتایج بهتری ارائه دهد. بدینمنظور، در پژوهش حاضر از تلفیق سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و روش Fuzzy AHP برای وزندهی و تلفیق معیارهای موثر در تغذیه مصنوعی نظیر عمق و تغییرات تراز آب زیرزمینی، بارش، تراکم زهکشی، ارتفاع و شیب زمین، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از رودخانه، خصوصیات زمینشناسی و کاربری اراضی استفاده شده است. پس از بررسی نظرات کارشناسان پیرامون مقایسه دودویی معیارها و تعیین ارجحیت آنها نسبت به یکدیگر مطابق با روش AHP، خصوصیات هیدرولوژیکی بهعنوان موثرترین معیار در رابطه با هدف پژوهش شناسایی شدند. نتایج بهدست آمده حاکی از آن است که 6.2 درصد از مساحت کل منطقه برای اجرای طرح تغذیه مصنوعی آبهای زیرزمینی بسیار مناسب و 15.75 درصد مناسب است. مناطق بسیار مناسب عمدتا در قسمتهای شرقی استان قرار گرفتهاند که دارای سازندهای زمینشناسی مناسب، فاصله کم تا رودخانه، کاربری غالب مرتعی و کشاورزی هستند و همچنین، سطح عمق آب زیرزمینی در آنها بسیار پایین بوده و روند نزولی داشته است.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Site selection of suitable area for artificial recharge of groundwater in Tehran Province using Fuzzy AHP Method
نویسندگان [English]
- Ramin Papi 1
- Saeid Hamzeh 2
- Masoud Soleimani 1
1 MSc of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The climate change over the past few decades, and consequently decrease in the precipitation, along with the population growth in different regions in Iran have led to an increase in demand for water for domestic agricultural, industrial, etc. consumption. This has led to uncontrolled exploitation of groundwater resources, causing severe decrease in the groundwater level. Artificial recharge technique is one of the methods to compensate for the groundwater deficit, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Selection of suitable sites before artificial recharge can help improve the efficiency of the project and ensure its success. Having in mind the problems related to decrease in groundwater resources in Tehran due to the increasing population and the expansion of industry and agriculture. This study aims to identify and zoning of regions that are suitable for artificial recharge of groundwater in Tehran Province. The GIS can help determine such regions more precisely, faster, and with better results. For this purpose, the present study integrated GIS and Fuzzy AHP to weigh and combine factors that play a positive role in artificial recharge, such as the depth and changes in the groundwater level, precipitation, drainage density, elevation and land slope, distance from fault, distance from river, geological properties, and land use. After investigating the views of experts about the binary comparison of the criteria, and prioritizing them using AHP, it was found that the hydrological properties were the most effective criteria for the subject under study. Results indicated that 6.2% and 15.75% of the entire area of the region under study are very suitable and suitable for artificial recharge of groundwater, respectively. Very suitable regions are mostly located in the east of the province, with suitable geologic formations, short distance from river, and predominant rangeland and agricultural land use. They also, have a very low and decreasing groundwater level.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
- Arid and semi-arid regions
- Geographic Information System (GIS)
- Water resources
- Zoning
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