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نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، ددانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه و پژوهشکده مطالعات دریاچه ارومیه

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه و پژوهشکده مطالعات دریاچه ارومیه

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت دریاچه ارومیه، هدف از این تحقیق، ارزیابی فعالیت های انسانی بر روند تغییرات آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی در دشت ارومیه می‌باشد. بدین منظور، بر اساس آمار مربوط به نه ایستگاه هیدرومتری (بین سال‌های1390-1357)، اطلاعات 74 پیزومتر و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای، تغییرات دبی ورودی و خروجی، تخلیه آبخوان و تغییرات کاربری اراضی در دشت ارومیه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. آزمون مورد استفاده برای تحلیل روند، آزمون ناپارامتری من‌کندال با در نظر گرفتن اثر خودهمبستگی بود. بر اساس نتایج، روند دبی ورودی از سمت زیرحوضه‌های نازلوچای، روضه‌چای و باراندوزچای به دشت ارومیه کاهشی بوده و روند منفی دبی خروجی از زیرحوضه‌های روضه‌چای، شهرچای و باراندوزچای در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه نتایج میانگین دو دوره قبل و بعد از سال 1374 (سال شروع خشک شدن دریاچه) نشان داد که در همه ایستگاه‌ها جز قاسملو، اختلاف معنی‌دار بین میانگین دبی در طی این دو دوره وجود دارد. مقدار آماره (18/2-Z=) نشان‌دهنده روند کاهشی معنی‌دار در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد برای حجم تجمعی تخلیه مخزن آبخوان بود. نتایج مطالعه مذکور نشان داد که جریان تخلیه‌شده به دریاچه ارومیه در تمامی فصول دارای روند کاهشی طی بازه زمانی موردمطالعه بوده و باید اقدامات جدی برای مدیریت منابع آب در منطقه صورت پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on human activities effects on water resources trend of Urmia Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behzad Hessari 1
  • Kamran Kamran 2

1 Assistant Professor of Water Engineering, Urmia Lake Research Institute, Urmia University, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Considering the importance of Lake Urmia, the purpose of this research is to survive the human activates on the trend of surface water and groundwater changes in the Urmia plain. For this purpose, the changes in input and output discharge, aquifer drainage and land use changes in the Urmia Plain were studied on the basis of nine hydrometric stations data (during 1973-1903) and information of 74 piezometers and using satellite images. The test used for trend analysis was Mann-Kendall nonparametric test with considering the effect of autocorrelation. According to the results, the trend of input discharge from the Nazlou-Chay, Rouzh-Chay and Barandoz-Chay sub-basins to the Urmia Plain was decreasing and the negative trend of outlet discharge related to the Rouzh-Chay, Shahr-Chay and Barandoz-Chay sub-basins was significant at 95% confidence level. Comparison of the results the difference between discharge average during after and before 1995 (the year which in it the lake begins to dry) showed that at all stations except Ghassemlou, there is a significant difference between average discharge during these two periods. The value of the statistic (Z = -2.18) indicates a significant decreasing trend at 95% confidence level for the drainage volume of the aquifer reservoir. The results of this study showed that discharge to Lake Urmia in all seasons had a decreasing trend during the studied period and serious actions should be done to manage water resources in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aquifer drainage
  • Autocorrelation
  • Lake Urmia
  • Land use
  • Mann-Kendall test
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