نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
فرسایش تشدیدی خاک و تولید و انتقال مقادیر زیاد رسوب از معضلات مهم بسیاری از مناطق کشور ایران است. برای کاهش اثرات سوء این معضل از طریق انجام اقدامات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، اطلاع از میزان فرسایش خاک و تولید رسوب و به عبارتی شناسایی مناطق بحرانی ضرورت دارد. با توجه به فقدان ایستگاه اندازه‌گیری در خروجی آبخیزهای کوچک، مدل‌های تجربی ابزار مناسبی برای تخمین فرسایش خاک و رسوب‌دهی می‌باشند. یکی از این روش‌ها که بر اساس داده‌های رسوب مناطق مدیترانه‌ای ابداع شده، مدل تجربی نمره‌دهی فاکتوریل (FSM) است. بر همین اساس هدف اصلی این تحقیق، بررسی میزان هم‌خوانی برآوردهای این مدل تجربی و مقدار مشاهده‌ای رسوب در مناطق منتخب کشور می‌باشد. به همین منظور، 58 حوضه واجد اطلاعات رسوب‌دهی در استان‌های سمنان، مرکزی، اصفهان، چهارمحال و بختیاری، آذربایجان غربی، لرستان، فارس، گلستان و خراسان رضوی برای مقایسه با مقادیر برآوردی مدل انتخاب شدند. برای محاسبه رسوب‌دهی حوضه‌ها، لایه‌های اطلاعاتی لازم برای مدل FSM بررسی و امتیازهای مربوطه داده شد. مقایسه نتایج نشان داد که تمامی تخمین‌های مدل اصلی (قبل از واسنجی) چند برابر بیش‌تر از مقادیر رسوب اندازه‌گیری شده مخازن (44/0 تا 64/459 تن بر کیلومتر مربع در سال) هستند. به منظور اصلاح ضرایب، واسنجی در قالب دو سناریو، یک‌بار با کل داده‌ها و بار دیگر پس از تقسیم به سه منطقه جغرافیایی انجام گرفت که سبب بهبود قابل توجه برآوردها شد. به‌طوری‌که ضریب کارایی Nash‐Sutcliffe برای کل ایستگاه‌ها، 39/0 و برای مناطق مرکزی، زاگرس و شمال شرقی به‌ترتیب 51/0، 66/0 و 78/0 به‌دست آمدند. به همین دلیل توصیه می‌شود که از کاربرد مدل FSM بدون واسنجی خودداری شود. هم‌چنین، طبق نتایج به‌دست آمده می‌توان جمع‌بندی نمود که واسنجی منطقه‌ای مدل تجربی FSM، نتایج بهتری دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Efficiency Evaluation of Empirical Factorial Scoring Model in Some Regions of Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Saeed Nabipay Lashkarian 1
- Mahmood Arabkhedri 2
- Samad Shadfar 2
1 Research Expert, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Accelerated soil erosion and the production and transfer of large amounts of sediment are considered as one of the most important issues in many parts of Iran. Having enough knowledge on soil erosion and sediment production as well as identification of critical areas are necessary in order to reduce the adverse effects of this problem through soil and water conservation measures. Due to lack of gauge stations in the outlets’ of small watersheds, empirical models are considered as the proper tools for estimating soil erosion and sedimentation. One of these methods which was developed based on Meditranean sediment data, is the Factorial Scoring Model (FSM). Towards this, the main objective of this research is to compare estimated vs. observed sediment yields in some selected regions of Iran. For this purpose, 58 small chatchments equipped by reservoirs in their outlets were selected in Semnan, Central, Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, West Azarbaijan, Lorestan, Fars, Golestan and Khorasan Razavi Provinces. The comparison of the results showed that all estimates of the original model (before calibration) are several times bigger than observed values obtained by surveying (0.44 to 459.44 t.km-2.y-1). In order to correct the model coefficients for Iran, calibration was performed in two scenarios; once using all data and in the second secenario after allocating data into three geographic regions, which in both cases resulted in significant improvement of estimates. The Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient for all catchments was 0.39, and for Central, Zagros and Northeast regions were 51.1, 0.66 and 0.78, respectively. Based on obtained findings, the application of original FSM must be avoided in study areas. Instead, we strongly recommend using calibrated models based on observational values for different geographic regions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Calibration
- FSM Model
- Sediment yield
- Small dam
- Soil erosion
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