نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد
2 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد
چکیده
با توجه به اهمیت پدیده فرسایش بادی، شناخت سریع مناطق حساس به برداشت و کانون‌های فرسایش بادی حائز اهمیت است. در این پژوهش، دستگاهی سبک و کارآمد به‌منظور ایجاد شرایط اعمال تنش ثابت باد بر سطح ذرات خاک و اندازهگیری ذرات فرسایش‌پذیر، طراحی، ساخته و ارزیابی شده است. اصول طراحی دستگاه، تولید جریان باد به‌وسیله دمنده و اندازهگیری میزان ذرات سست و ناپایدار برداشت شده در مخزنی با بیشترین کارایی بود. با ساخت نمونه اولیه دستگاه با استفاده از اجزا و قطعات طراحی شده، دستگاه در صحرا مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و به‌وسیله یک کاربر در صحرا و بدون نیاز به مولد برق قابل استفاده بوده، وزن ذرات جمع شده در مخزن نشان‌دهنده میزان فرسایش‌پذیری نسبی اراضی نقطه آزمون به باد است. با بهره‌گیری از کیسه فیلتر هوا، از دست رفتن ذرات ریز فرسایش‌پذیر به خارج از دستگاه به کمترین مقدار رسید و اندازهگیری کمتر از مقدار واقعی فرسایش‌پذیری اراضی کاسته شد. نتیجه مقایسه اندازهگیری حساسیت خاک به فرسایش به‌وسیله دستگاه در اراضی بیابانی شمال دشت یزد-اردکان با میزان ارتفاع بادبردگی خاک از زیرشاخص‌های نصب شده نشان داد، این دستگاه توانایی خوبی (0.57=R2) در تشخیص سریع مناطق حساس به بادبردگی داشته، بدون اندازهگیری خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک امکان شناسایی اولیه اراضی حساس به فرسایش بادی وجود دارد. این دستگاه به‌طور واقعی فرایندهای طبیعی فرسایش بادی که به‌وسیله جهش ذرات ایجاد می‌شود را شبیه‌سازی نمی‌کند، اما با استفاده از آن می‌توان به شاخص جدیدی برای ارزیابی فرسایش‌پذیری خاک و به‌دنبال آن شناسایی محل انتشار گرد و غبار دست یافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Design, fabrication and evaluation of a measuring device for relative erodibility of soil to wind erosion
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Mohammad Ghaeminia 1
- Mohammadali Hakimzadeh Ardakani 2
1 PhD Student, Yazd University, Iran
2 Associate professor, Yazd University, Iran
چکیده [English]
With regards to the wind erosion phenomenon importance, it is vital to quick identification of areas that are sensitive to dust removal and wind erosion processes. In this research, a lightweight and efficient device is designed, fabricated and evaluated in order to create conditions for applying constant wind stress on soil particle surfaces and measuring erosive particles. The production of wind power by a blower and measuring the amount of loose and unstable particles that were harvested in the reservoir with the highest efficiency were the principles of designing the device. The prototype of the device was designed using components and parts, and the device was evaluated in the field. The device is usable by a user in the field without the need for a power generator and the weight of the particles collected in the tank indicates the relative erodibility of the test site to the wind. Using the air filter bag (tank), it was possible to achieve a minimum loss of fine particulate matter and has been reduced the measure of less than the actual amount of land erosion. The result of the comparison of the sensitivity of soil sensitivity to erosion by the device in desert lands of northern Yazd-Ardakan Plain with the height of winding of the soil with the installation of the index showed that this device has good capability (R2= 0.57) in the rapid detection of areas susceptible to wind and without measuring physical and chemical properties of the soil, there is an early identification of wind erosion-sensitive land. This device does not actually simulate the natural processes of wind erosion created by the particle saltation, but using it, a new index can be obtained for assessing soil erodibility and subsequently identified the location of dust emissions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Desertification
- Dry lands
- Dust
- Simulation
- Wind blower
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