نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
2 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
4 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
بهطور متوسط 70 درصد بارانی که به سطح زمین میرسد، از طریق فرایند تبخیر-تعرق به اتمسفر باز میگردد که این میزان در مناطق خشک به 90 درصد میرسد. بنابراین، کمیکردن میزان تبخیر-تعرق یکی از عوامل بسیار با اهمیت برای طراحی و اجرای برنامههای مدیریتی برای اصلاح و احیای حوزههای آبخیز است. بهمنظور بررسی تاثیر اقدامات بیولوژیکی آبخیزداری بر تغییرات رطوبت خاک و تبخیر-تعرق، حوضه معرف و زوجی زیدشت طالقان استان البرز انتخاب شد. بهمنظور محاسبه تبخیر-تعرق از روش بیلان رطوبت خاک استفاده شد و نقاط پایش رطوبت خاک با مطالعات میدانی و آزمایشگاهی در سه دامنه اصلی (شمال غربی، شرقی و جنوب شرقی) و با سه تکرار و در سه عمق 20-0، 40-20 و 60-40 سانتیمتر در حوزههای آبخیز نمونه و شاهد بهصورت یک به یک با هم انتخاب شد. رطوبت خاک با استفاده از روش رطوبت وزنی و حجمی در مجموع در 48 نقطه طی دوره رشد سال 1396 اندازهگیری شد. همچنین، بهمنظور تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روشهای تجزیه واریانس آشیانهای، تجزیه واریانس یکطرفه و آزمون دانکن استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بهطور متوسط، درصد رطوبت خاک طی دوره رشد بهترتیب 13.55 و 11.9 در حوضههای نمونه و شاهد بوده است. همچنین، مقدار تفاوت تبخیر-تعرق واقعی در بین حوزههای آبخیز نمونه و شاهد از لحاظ آماری معنیدار نشد و بهترتیب مقدار آنها 181 و 159 میلیمتر طی یک دوره رشد بوده است. تبخیر-تعرق واقعی در حوزه آبخیز نمونه تحت عملیات آبخیزداری 2.3 درصد در هر ماه بیشتر از شاهد بوده است. همچنین، نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مقدار تبخیر-تعرق تحت دامنههای مختلف تفاوت معنیداری در سطح پنج درصد با هم داشته، مجموع تبخیر-تعرق حوضههای نمونه و شاهد در دامنههای شمال غربی بهترتیب 229 و 226 میلیمتر، در دامنههای شرقی بهترتیب 207 و 171 و در دامنههای جنوب شرقی بهترتیب 109 و 80 میلیمتر بوده است.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Assessment the watershed management measures role in evapotranspiration processes in paired watersheds of Taleghan
نویسندگان [English]
- Majid Kazemzadeh 1
- Ali Salajegheh 2
- Arash Malekian 3
- Abdolmajid Liaghat 4
1 PhD, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Iran
4 Professor, Tehran University, Iran
چکیده [English]
On average, 70 percent of the precipitation that reach Earth's surface, returns to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration, and this rate reaches 90 percent in arid areas. Meanwhile, watershed measures directly related to water, soil and plant, and ultimately to evapotranspiration on the natural resources region (ecochydrology). In this study, in order to study the effect of biological activities of watersheds (enhancement and increase of vegetation) on the process of soil moisture and evapotranspiration changes, paired watersheds of Taleghan, Alborz Province were selected. In order to calculate evapotranspiration by soil moisture balance method, soil moisture monitoring points were selected using field and laboratory studies in three main areas (northwest, eastern and southeast) and three replications and at three depths of 0-20, 40-20 and 40 -60 cm during plant growth period in 2017. Data were analyzed by ANOVA method, and Duncan test. The results showed that the actual evapotranspiration in the treated watershed and control watersheds were not statistically significant and, respectively, they showed 181 mm and 159 mm in a period of growth. In other words, the actual evapotranspiration value in the treated watershed was 14% higher than the control one during the growth period. Also, the results showed that evapotranspiration under different aspect slopes had a significant difference. The total actual evapotranspiration in the northwestern slopes were 229 and 226 mm, in east slopes were 207 and 171 and in the southeastern slopes were 109 and 80 mm in the treated and control watersheds, respectively.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Monitoring
- Range
- Soil moisture
- Vegetation cover
- Watershed correction and rehabilitation
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