نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 اســتادیار پژوهشــی بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشــاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران
2 دانشیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 مربی پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشــاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران
چکیده
فرسایش خاک و رسوب‌گذاری از معضلات اصلی در اغلب حوزه‌های آبخیز ایران محسوب شده و موجب محدودیت‌های اساسی در دستیابی به توسعه پایدار می‌شوند. ارزان‌ترین و مناسب‌ترین راه حفاظت خاک، استفاده از پوشش گیاهی است و لذا در پژوهش حاضر، به بررسی تاثیر ارتفاع، سطح و تراکم پوشش گیاهی ماشک علوفه‌ای مراغه و ماشک گلشن بر کاهش رواناب و رسوب پرداخته شده است. این آزمایش با استفاده از کرت‌های استاندارد با ابعاد 1.8×22 متر، شیب نه درصد و جهت شیب شرقی به انجام رسید، به‌طوری که در مجموع نه کرت آزمایشی شامل سه تیمار و سه تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی نصب و اجرا شد. نمونه‌برداری رواناب از مخزن‌های موجود در انتهای هر کرت انجام و پارامترهای پوشش گیاهی شامل سطح تاج پوشش، تراکم بوته و ارتفاع گیاه در هر نوبت نمونه‌برداری، اندازه‌گیری شد. سپس، میانگین پارامترهای اندازه‌گیری شده با استفاده از آزمون دانکن مورد مقایسه و تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. بیشترین کاهش حجم رواناب (97 درصد) و غلظت رسوب (94 درصد) برای تیمار ماشک مراغه به‌دست آمد. همچنین، مشاهده شد که خصوصیات گیاهی نظیر سطح تاج پوشش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی همبستگی عالی با کاهش رواناب و رسوب و در نتیجه حفاظت آب و خاک دارند. بنابراین، انتخاب رقم و گونه گیاهی، یک گام مهم در افزایش کارایی این روش بیولوژیک به‌شمار می‌رود. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، به منظور حفاظت آب و خاک و نیز کمک به معیشت ساکنین حوزه آبخیز، استفاده از گیاهان علوفه‌ای دیم سازگار با شرایط اقلیمی هر منطقه توصیه می‌شود و گیاه انتخابی باید خصوصیات مناسب گیاهی مانند سیستم ریشه‌ای و ساقه قوی و متراکم و نیز سطح پوشش مناسب داشته باشد. همچنین، انجام آبیاری اولیه و آبیاری در مراحل مهم رشد گیاه علوفه‌ای دیم مورد استفاده در شرایط خشکسالی و کم‌بارش توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of plant height, vegetation cover and density of Vicia Dasicarpa and Villosa on reducing runoff and sediment
نویسندگان [English]
- Iman Saleh 1
- Majid Khazayi 1
- Hamidreza Peyrowan 2
- Behrouz Vaezi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Management Research Department, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasuj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Ira
3 Research Instructor, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasuj, Iran
چکیده [English]
Soil erosion and sedimentation is one of the main problems in most of watersheds in Iran and a fundamental limitation against sustainable development. The usage of vegetation cover is the cheapest and most suitable approach for soil conservation. In the present study, the height, vegetation cover and density of Vicia Dasicarpa and Villosa Vicia investigated on reducing runoff and sediment. The experiments conducted using standard plots with dimensions of 22×1.8 m, slope of nine percent and east direction; so that, nine experimental plots including three treatments and three replications installed and performed in the form of randomized complete block design. Runoff sampling was conducted from the tanks installed at the end of each plot, and the parameters of vegetation surface cover, vegetation density and plant height were measured at each sampling time. Then, the means of measured parameters were statistically analyzed and compared using Duncan Test. According to the results, the maximum runoff (97%) and sediment (94%) reduction were observed for Vicia Dasicarpa during the experiment. Also, it was detected that plant properties such as vegetation cover and density have a great correlation with runoff and sediment reduction which means soil and water conservation. Therefore, selecting the cultivar and plant species is an important step to increase the efficiency of this biological method. Based on the findings, in order to conserve soil and water as well as assisting the livelihood of the watershed residents, the use of legumes compatible with rainfed conditions having appropriate properties such as strong root, stem system and coverage along with initial irrigation at important growth stages of the plant in drought conditions is recommended.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Biological methods
- Chamkhani
- Erosion
- Experimental plots
- Soil conservation
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