نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
امروزه خشکسالی به یکی از موضوعات داغ مورد توجه جهان تبدیل شده است اما تاثیر آن بر ارائه خدمات و سلامت حوزه آبخیزها در مواجه با این بلای طبیعی کمتر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. بر همین اساس، در این پژوهش سعی شده است تا تاثیر خشکسالی در دوره 1384 تا 1398 بر سلامت حوزه آبخیز افین مبتنی بر تغییرات پایایی (Rel)، تاب‌آوری (Res) و آسیب‌پذیری (Vul) مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. لذا، داده‌های بارندگی سه ایستگاه باران‌سنجی با روش عکس فاصله وزنی برای حوزه آبخیز و زیرحوضه‌ها میان‌یابی شد. سپس، شاخص بارش استاندارد شده (SPI) بر اساس میانگین و انحراف معیار داده‌های ماهانه تعیین شد و برای محاسبه شاخص‌های Rel ،Res و Vul مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در انتها، با محاسبه مقدار میانگین هندسی این شاخص‌ها وضعیت کلی سلامت آبخیز تعیین شد. نتایج سالانه پژوهش نشان داد، آبخیز افین به لحاظ شاخص‌های Rel ،Res و Vul به‌ترتیب مقادیری بین 0.92-0.83، 0.33-0.17 و 0.54-0.24 را دارا است. شاخص RelResVul نیز مقادیری بین 0.53-0.37 را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین، متوسط شاخص سلامت حوزه آبخیز در این دوره 0.42 محاسبه شد که نشان‌دهنده قرارگیری سلامت حوزه آبخیز در گروه متوسط است. تغییرات مکانی سلامت آبخیز نیز نشان داد، شاخص‌های Rel ،Res و Vul در زیرحوضه‌های مختلف به‌ترتیب مقادیری بین 0.86-0.85، 0.24-0.21 و 0.78-0.76 را دارا هستند. نتایج تحلیل بارندگی منطقه حاکی از آن است که با توجه به ثبات نسبی بارندگی، تاثیر دخالت‌های انسانی و تشدید عوامل تهدیدکننده سلامت آبخیز، بیش از پیش بر وضعیت موجود تاثیرگذار بوده است و در صورت عدم توجه به آن تاثیرات زیان‌باری در پی خواهد داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of drought on temporal-spatial changes of the Efin Watershed health
نویسندگان [English]
- Reza Chamani 1
- Mehdi Vafakhah 2
- Seyyed hamid reza Sadeghi 2
1 PhD Student in Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor
2 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]
Today, drought has become one of the hot topics of global concern, but its impact on the provision of services and functional health of watersheds in the face of this natural disaster has been less evaluated. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of drought on the Efin Watershed health has been evaluated based on changes in Reliability (Rel), Resilience (Res) and Vulnerability (Vul) indicators in the period 2005-2019. Based on this, the rainfall data of three rain gauge stations were interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) for the watershed and sub-watersheds. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was then determined based on the mean and standard deviation of monthly data and was used to calculate the Rel, Res and Vul indicators. Finally, the overall health status of the watershed was determined by calculating the geometric mean of these indicators. The annual results showed that Efin Watershed in terms of Rel, Res and Vul indicators extends between 0.83-0.92, 0.17-0.33 and 0.24-0.54, respectively. The RelResVul index also has values between 0.37-0.53. The average watershed health indicator in this period was also calculated to be 0.42, which indicates mean watershed health condition. Spatial variations of watershed health also showed that Rel, Res and Vul indicators fluctuated between 0.85-0.86, 0.21-0.24 and 0.76-0.78 in different sub-watersheds. The results of rainfall analysis of the region, indicate that due to the relative stability of rainfall, the impact of human intervention and intensification of watershed health threatening factors, more than ever effect on the current situation and if not addressed will have harmful effects.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Climate change
- Comprehensive watershed management
- Human interventions
- Meteorological drought
- South Khorasan
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