نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
حوزه آبخیز کرخه در ناحیه غربی تا جنوب غربی ایران و در منطقه‌ای خشک تا نیمه خشک قرار دارد. وجود سامانه‌های کشاورزی مختلف، از جمله کشاورزی آبی و دیم، پایین بودن بهره‌وری آب در تولید محصولات کشاورزی، وجود محدودیت‌های تولید (شوری و مدیریت زهاب در پایین‌دست)، فقر و کمبود معیشت جوامع محلی (در بالادست)، مسایل تاثیرات بالادست بر پایین‌دست حوضه، مسایل زیست‌محیطی و غیره، موجب پیشنهاد حوزه آبخیز کرخه به‌عنوان مدل مناسب در کشور برای برنامه جهانی چالش آب و غذای CGIAR (موسوم به CPWF) شد. لذا، این حوضه به‌عنوان یکی از حوزه‌های آبخیز معرف از میان نه حوزه آبخیز دیگر این برنامه جهانی، به‌عنوان مدلی برای مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان انتخاب و طی فاز یک (2004 تا 2008)، برنامه در آن اجرا شد. در اجرای این برنامه، رویکردها، سازمان و سازوکار، ساختار مدیریتی، معیارهای فنی و برنامه‌ای، اصول مدیریت حوضه، مشارکت ذی‌نفعان، نوآوری‌ها و شیوه‌های ارائه خروجی‌ها، در مراحل مختلف انتخاب حوضه، شروع برنامه و حین اجرای پروژه‌های مصوب برنامه، اتخاذ و به‌کار برده شدند. لذا، هدف از تدوین این مقاله، مستندسازی روش‌شناسی به‌کار رفته در جریان فرایند اجرای برنامه پژوهشی-توسعه‌ای بین‌المللی CPWF در حوضه کرخه است، تا از این طریق، دانش پنهان آن آشکار شده، تجارب و دستاوردهای مرتبط مستند شوند و برای استفاده در سایر برنامه‌ها و پروژهای مشابه در این حوضه و یا سایر حوزه‌های آبخیز در کشور مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. روش مطالعه به‌طور عمده متکی و برگرفته از مطالعه و تحلیل مطالب آرشیو مستندات برنامه، گزارش‌ها، بحثهای انجام شده در جریان جلسه‌ها، نتایج کارگاه‌های هم‌اندیشی و همایش‌های ملی و بین‌المللی برگزار شده و گزارش‌های بازدیدهای میدانی انجام شده در جریان اجرای برنامه CPWF جهانی و اجرای این برنامه در حوضه کرخه است. از دستاوردها و روش‌شناسی‌های مهم و شاخص مستند شده حاصل از برنامه، می‌توان روش‌شناسی توسعه مشارکتی فناوری‌ها، بررسی مسیرهای اثرهای پروژه، معیارهای انتخاب سایت‌های پژوهشی و روش‌شناسی تعیین اصول مدیریت یکپارچه حوزه آبخیز را نام برد که در این مقاله به تفصیل ارائه و تشریح شده‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of the methodology of CGIAR global water and food challenge program, in the management of Karkhe River basins, Iran
نویسنده [English]
- Nader Heydari
Associate Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Iranian Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
Karkheh watershed is located in the western to southwestern region of Iran and in a dry to semi-arid region. The existence of different agricultural systems, including irrigated and rainfed agriculture, low water efficiency, the existence of production limitations (salinity and drainage management in the downstream), poverty and lack of livelihood of local communities (upstream), the issues of upstream-downstream impacts of the basin, environmental issues, etc., led to the proposal of the Karkheh watershed as a suitable model in the country for the CGIAR Global Water and Food Challenge Program (known as CPWF). Therefore, this basin was chosen as one of the representative watersheds among the other nine watersheds of this global program, as a model for arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and the program was implemented during phase one of the program (2004 to 2008). In the implementation of this program, approaches, organization and mechanism, management structure, technical and program criteria, basin management principles, stakeholders' participation, innovations and ways of presenting outputs, in different stages of basin selection, program start and during The implementation of projects approved by the program were adopted and used. The main objective of this article is to document the methodology used during the process of implementing the CPWF international research and development program in the Karkheh Basin, so that its hidden knowledge is revealed, related experiences and achievements are documented, and used for future uses in other similar projects in this or other basins in the country. The study method is mainly based and derived from the study and analysis of program documentation archives, reports, discussions held during the meetings, the results of workshops and national and international conferences and the reports of the field visits carried out during the implementation of the global CPWF program and the implementation of this program in Karkheh basin. Among the important achievements and methodologies and the documented indicators of the program, one can include the methodology of collaborative development of technologies, the examination of the paths of project results, the criteria for selecting research sites, and the methodology for determining the principles of integrated watershed management which are presented and explained in detail in this article.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Documentation
- Impact pathway
- Local community
- Participatory technology development
- Resilience
- Water productivity
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