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تغییرات مکانی-زمانی فرسایش خاک در حوزه آبخیز معرف خامسان با استفاده از مدل RUSLE

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

2 کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

3 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

پویایی عوامل فرسایندگی باران (R)، مدیریت زراعی (C) و فرسایش‌پذیری خاک (K) در مقایسه با دیگر عوامل (توپوگرافی، LS و مدیریت اراضی، P)، مهمترین نکته در برآورد صحیح فرسایش خاک در پایه‌های زمانی مختلف است. برآوردهای مکانی-زمانی فرسایش خاک در حوزه‌های آبخیز معرف-زوجی به‌دلیل کارکردهای آموزشی آن‌ها و نیز امکان تعمیم نتایج برای مناطق بزرگ‌تری از کشور از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. بنابراین، در پژوهش حاضر ضمن بررسی پویایی عوامل R، C و K در حوزه آبخیز معرف-زوجی خامسان، نقشه توزیعی فرسایش خاک در مقیاس‌های زمانی فصلی و سالانه با استفاده از مدل RUSLE برای دو سال آبی 95-1394 و 97-1396 تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که فرسایش خاک در فصل زمستان با مقادیر 3.94 و 4.59 تن در هکتار به‌ترتیب حدود 49 و 74 درصد از کل فرسایش سال را به خود اختصاص داد. در نظر گرفتن شرایط ذوب در محاسبه عامل K برای فصل زمستان همراه با فقدان پوشش گیاهی در این فصل منجر به برآورد بیشتر فرسایش خاک نسبت به دیگر فصول شد. این نتایج با داده‌های هدررفت خاک کرت‌ها در رگبارهای ثبت شده در فصول مختلف و همچنین، غلظت بیشتر رسوبات معلق در رودخانه‌ها به‌ویژه در اسفند ماه تطابق دارد. در سال آبی 95-1394 توزیع بارندگی‌ها در فصل پاییز به مراتب بیشتر از فصل بهار بود و لذا، فرسایش خاک فصل پاییز حدود 33 درصد از کل فرسایش سال را به خود اختصاص داد. در سال آبی 97-1396 اگرچه متوسط فرسایش خاک سالانه کمتر بود، اما به‌دلیل توزیع بیشتر بارندگی‌های فرساینده در فصل زمستان و هم‌زمان با فقدان پوشش گیاهی روی سطح خاک و نیز ذوب خاک، شدت فرسایش فصل زمستان بسیار بالا بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatio-temporal variation of soil erosion in Khamsan representative watershed using RUSLE

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan 1
  • Jalal Faraji 2
  • Leila Gholami 3
  • Mohsen Khorsand 2

1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran

2 MSc, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Reaources University, Sari, Iran

چکیده [English]

The dynamics of rainfal erosivity (R), crop management (C) and soil erodibility (K) factors compared to the others (topography-LS and land management-P) is the most important note for the correct estimate of soil erosion at different time bases. Spatio-temporal estimates of soil erosion in the representative paired watersheds are of particular importance due to their educational functions as well as the possibility of generalizing the results to larger areas of the country. Therefore, in the present study, while examining the dynamics of R, C and K factors in the Khamsan representative paired watershed, the distribution map of soil erosion in seasonal and annual time scales were prepared using RUSLE model for two water years of 2015-2016 and 2017-2018. The results showed that soil erosion in winter with values ​​of 3.94 and 4.95 t ha-1 y-1 accounted for about 49 and 74% of the total erosion of the year, respectively. Considering the melting conditions in calculating the K factor for the winter along with the lack of vegetation in this season led to a higher estimate of soil erosion than other seasons. These results are in consistent with plots soil loss data recorded in different seasons and the higher concentration of suspended sediments in the rivers especially in March. In the water year of 2015-2016, the distribution of rainfalls in the autumn was much higher than in the spring, so that soil erosion in the autumn accounted for about 33% of the total erosion of the year. In the water year of 2017-2018, although the average annual soil erosion was less, but due to more distribution of erosive rainfalls in winter at the same time with the lack of vegetation on the soil surface and the soil melting, the rate of winter erosion was very high.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land management
  • Land use
  • Soil erodibility
  • Vegetation cover
  • Universal soil loss equation
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مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
دوره 13، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 534-547
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