نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 زنجان دانشگاه زنجان
2 شهرک سعدی انتهای فاز جنب سوپر مارکت مانی روبروی آپارتمان ویان
3 دانشگاه خوارزمی
چکیده
درک رفتار پدیده‌ها نیازمند توجه به همه ابعاد آن است و یکی از راه‌های درک پیچیدگی‌های آن‌ها مدل‌سازی است. رطوبت سطحی خاک، متغیّر کلیدی برای توصیف خشک‌سالی، تبادلات آب و انرژی بین زمین و هوا کره و همچنین ارزیابی شرایط محصولات کشاورزی است. رطوبت خاک هم از متغیرهای محیطی تأثیر می‌پذیرد و هم بر بسیاری از متغیرهای محیطی ازجمله رواناب، فرسایش خاک و تولید محصولات تأثیر می‌گذارد اما به دلیل ثابت نبودن شرایط مکانی و زمانی پارامترهای محیطی به‌شدت تغییرپذیر است. هدف از این مقاله واکاوی و استخراج مدل مکانی پراکندگی رطوبت خاک پس از بارش‌های بیش از نرمال سال آبی97-98 در استان کردستان است. در این راستا پس از واکاوی نقشه پراکندگی رطوبت خاک در بازه زمانی موردمطالعه مستخرج از سامانه گوگل ارث اینجین به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته و لایه‌های بارش، آب معادل برف، شاخص پوشش گیاهی مستخرج از سامانه گوگل ارث انجین و همچنین شاخص رطوبت توپوگرافی و به‌عنوان متغیرهای مستقل انتخاب گردید و سپس با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون کلی (OLS) و رگرسیون موزون جغرافیایی (GWR) به مدل‌سازی مکانی اقدام شد. بر اساس معیارهای ارزیابی، نتایج نشان داد مدل GWR با=0.74 R^2 قدرت تبیین و برآورد بهتری نسبت به مدل رگرسیون کلی باR^2=0.68 دارد. بر اساس رگرسیون کلی، عوامل مکانی بارش و رطوبت توپوگرافی بیش‌ترین اثر مثبت و تبخیر و تعرق اثر منفی بر رطوبت خاک در محدوده موردمطالعه دارد. بر اساس نتایج مدل GWR ، متغیر آب معادل برف در نواحی کوهستانی شمال استان، بیش‌ترین تأثیر و تبخیر و تعرق کم‌ترین اثر را بر رطوبت خاک داشته‌اند. با استفاده از مدل مکانی به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان مناطق کم یا پر رطوبت خاک را در راستای شناسایی پتانسیل‌ها محیطی و بهبود فرآیند تصمیم‌گیری، تخصیص و توزیع مکانی ارائه خدمات کشاورزی شناسایی کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Spatial Analysis of Soil Moisture after Excessive Normal Precipitation of 1997-98 with Linear Modeling of Environmental Variables and Satellite Images
نویسندگان [English]
- hossin mosavi 1
- mohamad kamangar 2
- alireza karbalayy 3
1 zanjan
2 abfa
3 kharazmi
چکیده [English]
Understanding the behavior of phenomena requires attention to all its dimensions, and one way to understand their complexities is modeling. Soil surface moisture is a key variable for describing drought, water, and energy exchanges between Korea and the air, as well as assessing crop conditions. Soil moisture is affected by both environmental variables and many environmental variables such as runoff, soil erosion, and crop production, but is highly variable due to unstable spatial and temporal conditions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, extract and evaluate the spatial model of soil moisture dispersal after more than normal rainfall in 1979-98 in Kurdistan province. In this regard, after analyzing soil moisture dispersion as dependent variable and precipitation variables, snow water equivalent, topographic moisture index and vegetation index were selected as independent variables. Then, using a general regression model (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR), spatial modeling was performed. Based on the evaluation criteria, the results showed that the GWR model with R2 = 0.74 has better explanatory power and better estimation than the general regression model with R2 = 0.68. According to the results of the GWR model, snow water equivalent variable in the northern mountainous regions had the highest effect on evapotranspiration and the least effect on soil moisture. The obtained spatial model can identify low or moist soil areas in order to identify environmental potentials and improve decision making, allocation and spatial distribution of agricultural services.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Soil moisture
- Drought
- Autocorrelation
- Spatial regression
- Kurdistan
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