نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 محقق بخش تحقیقات جنگلها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
2 استاد گروه علوم جنگل دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان
3 استادیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار گروه علوم جنگل دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان
5 استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
روش این پژوهش براساس مطالعات میدانی و آزمایشگاهی تنظیم شده است. در این تحقیق برای نخستین بار اثرات تغییر کاربری جنگلی به باغات در میزان بازپخش خاک مناطق پایین‌بند جنگل‌های هیرکانی گیلان با استفاده از روش رادیونوکلوئید محاسبه گردیده است. در این شیوه ذخیره سزیم137 این مناطق با منطقه مرجع مقایسه شده است. در محل مرجع تعداد 11 نمونه مغزه خاک و در ترانسکت معرف کاربری زراعت چوب تعداد هفت نمونه مغزه خاک به عمق 25 سانتیمتر برابر با ضخامت به‌هم ریختگی خاک در حین جنگل‌زدایی، از بالای دامنه تا محل دره براساس عوارض توپوگرافی برداشته شد. نمونه‌ها پس از آماده‌سازی، مطابق استاندارد آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی در ظروف مخصوص دستگاه طیف‌سنج گاما بسته‌بندی و موجودی رادیونوکلوئید سزیم137 کلیه نمونه ها بر مقیاس بکرل بر کیلوگرم سنجیده شد. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، ذخیره رادیونوکلوئید سزیم137 در محل مرجع با لحاظ نمودن سطح نمونه‌برداری 1/5894 بکرل بر مترمربع بدست آمد. در پژوهش حاضر، نرخ بازپخش خاک در طول ترانسکت معرف با استفاده از مدل‌های تبدیل تناسبی و توازن جرمی I و II به‌ترتیب 70/18، 72/22 و 64/18 تن در هکتار در سال برآورد شد. این مقادیر برای شیب 20-10 درصد و تاج پوشش تنک 25 درصد و خاک لومی رسی تحت بارش 1000 میلی‌متر به‌دست آمده است. این پژوهش مدل توازن جرمی IIرا برای برآورد فرسایش در مناطق تغییر کاربری داده شده توصیه نموده و نتیجه گرفت که تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی به زراعت چوب به دلیل تقلیل سطح پوشش طولانی خاک و مدیریت باغ در اثر از بین بردن دیگر نهالها و پوشش علفی موجب افزایش نرخ فرسایش خاک سطحی می‌شود. این فرآیند برای سال‌های طولانی باعث برقراری نرخ فرسایشی بالا و هدر رفت 1/0 سانتیمتر خاک در سال شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effects of conversion of forest land to Plantation on soil redistribution using cesium 137
نویسندگان [English]
- Shahriar Sobh Zahedi 1
- Ramin Naghdi 2
- Mohammad Reza Gharibreza 3
- Ali Salehi 4
- Ghavamoddin Zahedi Amiri 5
1 Researcher of Watershed Management and Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
2 Professor, Department of forestry, Faculty of natural resources, University of Guilan, Sowme'eh Sara, I. R. Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I. R. Iran
4 Associate Prof., Department of forestry, Faculty of natural resources, University of Guilan, Sowme'eh Sara, I. R. Iran
5 Professor, Department of forestry, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]
The method employed in this study was based on experimental research and field study. In this method, the stored radiocesium of the forest region which was supposed to be converted into Poplar plantation has been compared with the stored radiocesium of the reference region. 11 core samples were taken from reference region and then 7 core samples were selected from the transect which was a part of Poplar plantation that were taken by topographic characteristics in a depth of 25 centimeters, Having prepared the core samples according to the IAEA, they were packaged into the special Gama spectrometer containers. After that the amount of radiocesium of all samples has been measured by Bq kg-1 scale. The findings revealed that the amount of radiocesium in reference region was computed as 5894.1. Bq m-2 y-1. In the present study, soil loss rate during transect was estimated using proportional conversion models and mass balance I and II of 18.70, 22.72 and 18.64 ton / ha, respectively. These values were obtained for slope of 10-20%, canopy cover of 25% and clay loam soil under 1000 mm precipitation. This study recommended mass balance model II for estimation of erosion in changed land use areas and concluded that forest land use change to plantation due to reduction of long soil cover and plantation management by removing other seedlings and herbaceous cover increased the rate of soil erosion occurs. This process for many years has caused the erosion rate to exceed and has caused the loss of 0.1 cm of soil per year.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Land use change
- Soil erosion
- Radioisotope
- Hyrcanian forest North of Iran
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