با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران

2 گروه جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

5 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش بر شبیهسازی و مدیریت پاسخهای مختلف هیدرولوژیکی به تغییرات آب و هوایی تمرکز دارد. از مدل هیدرولوژیکی نیمه‌توزیعی SWAT (ابزار ارزیابی خاک و آب) برای ارزیابی رواناب و بیلان آبی در اثر تغییرات اقلیمی در حوزه آبخیز سیمینه و زرینهرود استفاده شد. دوره شبیهسازی بین سالهای2014- 1990 انتخاب شد. نتایج ارزیابی مدل در دوره واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل با استفاده از مقادیر NS و R2 بهطور متوسط 75/0 به‌دست آمد. با استفاده از ریزمقیاس نمایی آماری توسط مدل‌های اقلیمی MIROC-ESM-CHEM، GFDL-ESM2M و NorESM1-M در مدل Lars-WG اطلاعات اقلیمی آینده تحت دو سناریو خوشبینانه RCP 2.6 و بدبینانه RCP8.5 به مدل وارد شدند. نتایج شبیهسازی اقلیمی نشان داد که میانگین دما در سناریوی خوشبینانه، بهطور متوسط C° 75/0 و در سناریوی بدبینانه به‌طورمتوسط C° 45/1 افزایش خواهد یافت. بیشترین تغییرات رواناب در دوره آینده، مربوط به ماه می با m3 s-1 4/2 کاهش و ماه آوریل با m3 s-1 49/1 افزایش در سناریو خوش‌بینانه می‌باشد. همچنین در سناریو بدبینانه RCP8.5 در ماههای می و ژوئن بیشترین کاهش رواناب اتفاق افتاد. میزان تبخیرتعرق واقعی ماهانه در سناریو خوشبینانه با mm 3 افزایش و در سناریو بدبینانه با mm8 افزایش تأثیر منفی بر منابع آب در دسترس در حوزه آبخیز خواهد گذاشت. با برآورد تغییرات اقلیمی و تأثیر آن بر روی دبی جریان می‌توان مدیریت مناسب‌تری را بر روی حوزه آبخیز سمینه و زرینه رود اعمال کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Hydrological modeling of climate change impacts on discharge fluctuatuations in the Siminehroud and Zarrinehroud Watersheds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvaneh Mahmudi 1
  • Baharak Motamedvaziri 2
  • majid hosseini 3
  • Hasan Ahmadi 4
  • Ata Amini 5

1 Department of Forest, Range and Watershed Management, Faculty Natural Resources and Environmental, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Forest, Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran

3 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, University, Tehran, Karaj, Iran

5 Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

This study focuses on simulation and management the various hydrological responses to climatic changes. The semi-distributed hydrologic model SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) was used to evaluate runoff and water balance due to climate changes in Siminehroud and Zarrinehroud watersheds. The simulation period was selected between 1990 and 2014. The assessment results in the calibration and validation periods using the NS and R2 obtained 0.75, on average. Using statistical multisite downscaling of LARS-WG climatic models MIROC-ESM-CHEM، GFDL-ESM2M and NorESM1-M the future climatic condition entered to the model using two optimistic RCP2.6 and pessimistic RCP8.5 scenarios. The largest changes in runoff in the upcoming period, May, reduced by 2.4 m3 s-1 and in April, increased by 1.49 m3 s-1 in the optimistic scenario. In RCP8.5 pessimistic scenario in May and June, also the highest runoff was observed. The rate of actual monthly evaporation will increase in the optimistic scenario up to 3 mm and in the pessimistic scenario up to 8 mm increase will have a negative impact on the available water resources in the watershed. With estimation the climate changes and its effect on the stream flow discharge is possible performing a suitable management in Siminehroud and Zarrinehroud watersheds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water balance
  • Urmia Lake
  • conceptual
  • SUFI-2
  1. Abbaspour, K.C., Rouholahnejad, S. Vaghefi, R. Srinivasan, H. Yang and B. Kløve. 2015. A continental-scale hydrology and water quality model for Europe: calibration and uncertainty of a high-resolution large-scale SWAT model. Journal of Hydrology, 524: 733-752.
  2. Abbott, M.B., C. Bathurst, J.A. Cunge, P.E. O'Connell and J. Rasmussen. 1986. An introduction to the European Hydrological System-Systeme Hydrologique Europeen, “SHE”, 1: history and philosophy of a physically-based, distributed modelling system. Hydrology, 87(1-2): 45-59.
  3. Aghabeighi, N., A. Esmali Ouri, R. Mostafazadeh and M. 2018. The effects of climate change on runoff using IHACRES hydrologic model in some of watersheds, Ardabil Province. Iranian Irrigation and Water Engineering, 10(38): 176-187.
  4. Ahmadzadeh, H., S. Morid, M. Delavar and R. Srinivasan. 2016. Using the SWAT model to assess the impacts of changing irrigation from surface to pressurized systems on water productivity and water. Agricultural Water Management, 175: 15-28 (in Persian).
  5. Arnold, J.G. and Fohrer. 2005. SWAT2000: current capabilities and research opportunities in applied watershed modeling. Hydrological Processes, 19(3): 563–572.
  6. Arnold, J.G., R. Srinivasan, R.S. Muttiah and R. Williams. 1998. Large area hydrologic modelling and assessment part I: model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34(1): 73–89.
  7. Barrow, E. and G. Yu. 2005. Climate scenario for Alberta. A Report Prepared for the Prairie Adaptation Research, 110 pages.
  8. Devkota, L.P. and R. Gyawali. 2015. Impacts of climate change on hydrological regime and water resources management of the Koshi River Basin. Journal of Hydrology, 4: 502–515.
  9. Duan, Z., J. Liu, Tuo, G. Chiogna and M. Disse. 2016. Evaluation of eight high spatial resolution gridded precipitation products in Adige Basin, Italy at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Science of the Total Environment, 573: 1536-1553.
  10. Fontaine, T.A. and R.H. Hotchkiss. 2000. Impacts of climate change on water yield in the Upper Wind River Basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(2): 321-336.
  11. Ghermezcheshmeh, B., A. Rasuli, B. Rezaei, M. Massah Bovani and A. Khorshiddust. 2014. Impact assessment of morpho-climatic parameters in accuracy of SDSM. Watershed Engineering and Management, 6(2): 155-164 (in Persian).
  12. Ghermezcheshmeh, B., A. Rasuli, B. Rezaei, M. Massah Bovani and A. Khorshiddust. 2015. Uncertainty analyzing of neural network in downscaling of HadCM3 data with bootstrap confidence interval method. Engineering and Management, 7(3): 306-316 (in Persian).
  13. Goodarzi, M.R. and A. Fatehifar. 2019. Analysis of statistical distributions in estimating the effects of climate change on future floods. Hydrogeomorphology, 5(20): 57-78.
  14. Gosain, A.K., A. Main and C. Dwivedi. 2009. Hydrological modeling-literature review. Advances in Fluid Mechanics, 339, 63-70.
  15. Hajimohammadi, M., Azizian and B. Ghermezcheshmeh. 2018. Evaluation of the impact of climate change on runoff in Kan Watershed. Watershed Engineering and Management, 10(2): 144-156 (in Persian).
  16. Hotchkiss, R.H., S.F. Jorgensen, M.C. Stone and A. Fontaine. 2000. Regulated river modeling for climate change impact assessment: the Missouri River. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(2): 375-386.
  17. Jahanshahi, A., M. Golshan and A. Afzali. 2017. Simulation of the catchments hydrological processes in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas. Desert, 22(1): 1-10.
  18. Kavian, A., Namdar, M. Golshan and M. Bahri. 2017. Hydrological modeling of climate changes impact on flow discharge in Haraz River Basin. Natural Environmental Hazard, 6(12): 89-104 (in Persian).
  19. Maafi-Madani, F., S. MosavBaygi and H. Ansair. 2012. Prediction the drought situationduring 2011-2030 period using of under scaling the output of LARS-WG in Khorasan Razavi Province. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazard, 3: 21-37.
  20. Middelkoop, H., K. Daamen, D. Gellens, W. Grabs, J.C. Kwadijk, H. Lang, B.W. Parmet, B. Schadler, J. Schulla and K. Wilke. 2001. Impact of climate change on hydrological regimes and water resources management in the Rhine Basin. Climatic Change, 49(1): 105–128.
  21. Mirza, M.M.Q. 2003. Climate change and extreme weather events: can developing countries adapt? Climate Policy, 3(3): 233–248.
  22. Murty, P.S., A. Pandey and S. Suryavanshi. 2014. Application of semi-distributed hydrological model for basin level water balance of the Ken Basin of Central India. Hydrology Process, 28(13): 4119–4129.
  23. Narsimlu, B., A.K. Gosain, B.R. Chahar, SK. Singh and P.K. Srivastava. 2015. SWAT model calibration and uncertainty analysis for streamflow prediction in the Kunwari River Basin, India, using sequential uncertainty fitting. Environmental Processes, 2(1): 79–95.
  24. Narsimlu, B., A.K. Gosain and B.R. Chahar. 2013. Assessment of future climate change impacts on water resources of upper Sind River Basin, India using SWAT model. Water Resources Management, 27(10): 3647–3662.
  25. Nassiri, M., A. Koocheki, G. Kamali and H. Shahandeh. 2006. Potential impact of climate change on rainfed wheat production in Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 52: 113-124 (in Persian).
  26. Rosenberg, N.J., D.J. Epstein, D. Wang, Vail, R. Srinivasan and J.G. Arnold. 1999. Possible impacts of global warming on the hydrology of the Ogallala Aquifer region. Climatic Change, 42(4): 677-692.
  27. Tan, M.L., A.L. Ibrahim, Z. Yusop, V.P. Chua and W. Chan. 2017. Climate change impacts under CMIP5 RCP scenarios on water resources of the Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia. Atmospheric Research, 189: 1-10.
  28. Todini, E. 2007. Hydrological catchment modelling: past, present and future. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 321: 468-482.