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تأثیرپذیری هدررفت کربن آلی و غنی‎شدگی رسوب طی فرسایش بین‎شیاری ناشی از وقوع هم‌زمان باد و باران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 گروه مهندسی آب، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان

چکیده

فرسایش بین‌شیاری یکی از انواع مهم فرسایش در اراضی کشاورزی است که باعث هدررفت کربن آلی از سطح خاک می‎شود. این در حالی است که کمبود کربن آلی خاک در بیش‌تر مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ایران، یکی از چالش‌های پیش‌روی تولید محصولات کشاورزی است. در این مناطق، بارش باران ممکن است با وزش بادهای فرساینده همراه باشد که مقادیر زیادی از خاک و کربن آلی را از بین می‌برد. لذا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش عوامل فرساینده باد و باران بر هدررفت خاک و کربن آلی و نیز غنی‎شدگی رسوب طی رخ‌داد فرسایش بین‎شیاری برنامه‌ریزی شده است. بدین‌منظور، با استفاده از سامانه شبیه‎ساز هم‌زمان باد و باران، ترکیبی از سه شدت باران (20، 40 و 60 میلی‎متر بر ساعت) و چهار سرعت باد (صفر، 6، 9 و 12 متر بر ثانیه) روی سه خاک با بافت مختلف (شنی، لوم شنی و لوم)، هر یک در سه تکرار استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که هدررفت کربن آلی بین خاک‌هایی با بافت مختلف از 04/0 و 04/4 میلی‌گرم بر متر در ثانیه متغیر بوده است. نتایج دلالت بر اثر متقابل هم‌افزای دو عامل فرساینده باد و باران بر هدررفت خاک و کربن آلی داشت. هم‌چنین برای سرعت باد، یک حد آستانه (نه متر بر ثانیه) مشاهده شد که در سرعت بیش‌تر از این حد، هدررفت خاک و کربن آلی با شیب تندتری افزایش پیدا کرد. از طرفی، با افزایش هدررفت خاک، میزان هدررفت کربن آلی از هر خاک نیز به‌صورت خطی افزایش پیدا کرد. سهم هدررفت کربن آلی از میزان کل هدررفت خاک برای خاک‌های شنی، لوم شنی و لوم به‌ترتیب 36/0، 17/0 و 19/2 درصد تعیین شد. هم‌چنین نسبت غنی‌شدگی کربن آلی در رسوب این خاک‌ها، به‌ترتیب 0/8، 0/1 و 1/2 بود. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، کاهش سرعت باد در اراضی کشاورزی به‌ویژه مناطق بادخیز، برای کنترل هدررفت کربن آلی در اثر فرسایش بین‌شیاری از خاک سطحی پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Organic carbon loss and sediment enrichment during interrill erosion influenced by simultaneous wind and rain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Mahmoodabadi 1
  • Samira Zamani 2
  • Najme Yazdanpanah 3

1 Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

2 Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran

3 Department of Water Engineering, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

Interrill erosion is one of the most important types of erosion in agricultural lands, causing organic carbon (OC) loss from the soil surface. However, soil OC deficiency is a challenge facing agricultural production in most arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. In these regions, rainfall may be associated with high-speed winds that may remove large amounts of soil and OC. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the role of wind and rain as erosive factors on the soil and OC losses and sediment enrichment during erosion events in some contrasting soils. For this purpose, using a simultaneous wind and rain simulator, combinations of three rain intensities (20, 40 and 60 mm h-1) and four wind speeds (0, 6, 9 and 12 m s-1) were introduced on three soils (sandy, sandy loam, and loam), each at three replicates. The results showed that the OC loss from the soils changed from 0.04 to 4.04 mg m-1 s-1. Synergistic interaction between rain and wind on OC loss was detected. In addition, a threshold limit (9 m s-1) was observed for wind velocity, above which soil and OC losses increased sharply. On the other hand, with increasing soil loss, the OC loss from each soil increased linearly. The contribution of OC loss in the total soil loss for sandy, sandy loam and loam soils was 0.36, 0.17 and 2.19%, respectively. Moreover, the enrichment ratio of OC in the sediments of soils was 8.2, 1.01 and 12.2, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, the wind speed reduction is recommended in agricultural lands, especially in windy areas to control the losses of OC due to interrill erosion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aggregate breakdown
  • Flow depth
  • Organic carbon dynamic
  • Rain intensity
  • Wind velocity
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