نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 استاد، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 دانشیار پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
سازگاری با خشکسالی یکی از رویکردهای مهم در مدیریت کشاورزی و آبخیزداری محسوب می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه، سنجش میزان پذیرش سیاست‌های سازگاری با خشکسالی از سوی کشاورزان به کمک نظریه عمل منطقی است. در این پژوهش، اطلاعات به کمک پرسش‌نامه در سطح استان چهارمحال و بختیاری جمع‌آوری شد. حجم جامعه آماری کشاورزان معادل 66019 نفر بود و حجم نمونه بر اساس معادله کوکران برابر 382 نفر محاسبه شد. نمونه‌ها به نسبت جمعیت بین شهرستان‌ها تقسیم شد و در هر شهرستان چهار سکونتگاه انتخاب و پاسخگویان از بین کشاورزان این سکونتگاه‌ها به شیوه تصادفی انتخاب شدند. نرخ پاسخ 96 درصد بود. روایی محتوایی با استفاده از نظرات نه نفر از متخصصین تایید شد. پایایی ابزار به شیوه آزمون مجدد تایید شد. ضرایب همبستگی سازه‌های مطالعه شامل دانش (84/0r=)، نگرش (91/0r=)، هنجار انتزاعی (87/0r=) و قصد رفتاری (86/0r=) نیز تایید شد. یافتهها نشان داد که دانش، نگرش، هنجار انتزاعی و قصد رفتاری کشاورزان در خصوص سازگاری با خشکسالی در سطح متوسط قرار دارد، هر چند سطح هنجار انتزاعی نسبت به دیگر مولفهها بالاتر بود. بین دانش و نگرش کشاورزان (72/0r=)، دانش و هنجار انتزاعی (62/0- r=)، قصد رفتاری و هنجار انتزاعی (67/0r=)، درآمد و دانش کشاورزان (59/0r=)، درآمد و هنجار انتزاعی (63/0- r=)، سطح سواد و قصد رفتاری (74/0r=) همبستگی قابل توجه مشاهده شد. همچنین، اختلافی معنادار بین نگرش کشاورزان دیم‌کار و آبی‌کار و بین کشاورزان دیم‌کار و ترکیبیکار نسبت به سازگاری با خشکسالی مشاهده شد. در مولفه هنجار انتزاعی نیز بین دیم‌کاران با دو گروه دیگر تفاوت آماری معنیداری مشاهده شد. تحلیل یافتهها نشان می‌دهد که با وجود گستردگی خشکسالی‌ها، سیاست‌های سازگاری با خشکسالی بهصورت جدی مورد پذیرش کشاورزان قرار نگرفته است. همچنین، سطح دانش کشاورزان در خصوص سازگاری با خشکسالی بالا نیست و نگرش چندان مثبتی نسبت به سازگاری ندارند. رفتار کشاورزان نیز بیش از آنکه تحت تاثیر سیاست‌های نهادها باشند، تحت تاثیر رفتار سایر کشاورزان قرار دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Measuring acceptance of drought adaptation using theory of reasoned action, case study: farmers of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
نویسندگان [English]
- vahid yeganegi dastgerdi 1
- Mohammad Hossein Sharifzadegan 2
- Naghmeh Mobarghei Dinan 3
1 PhD Student, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Environmental sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Adaptation to drought is considered as one of the most important approaches in agricultural and watershed management. The purpose of this study is to assess the social acceptance of drought adaptation policies at a regional scale using the reasoned action theory. Information was collected through a questionnaire in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The population size was 66019 and the sample size was 382. Samples were distributed according to the proportion to size of regions’ population. In each region, four settlements were selected randomly and the questionnaires were distributed randomly to the farmers. The response rate was 96%. Content validity has been approved by nine experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by test retest method. The correlation coefficients of the study constructs were confirmed; knowledge (r=0.84), attitude (r=0.91), subjective norm (r=0.87), and behavioral intention (r=0.86). The findings showed that knowledge, attitude, subjective norm and behavioral intention of farmers were at a moderate level, although the level of subjective norm was higher than other components. There were significant correlations between the knowledge and attitude (r=0.72), knowledge and subjective norms (r=-0.62), behavioral intention and subjective norms (r=0.67), income and knowledge (r=0.59), income and subjective norms (r=-0.63), literacy level and behavioral intentions (r=0.74). There were a significant difference between the attitude and subjective norms of farmers who engaged in dry farming and other farmers. Analysis of the findings showed that despite the increasing droughts, adaptation policies have not been seriously accepted by farmers. The level of knowledge and attitude of farmers about drought adaptation were not high and farmers' behavior was influenced by the behavior of other farmers rather than influenced by the policies of the institutions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Agriculture
- Behavior analysis
- Drought adaptation
- Social barriers
- Watershed management
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