نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان
2 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل، پردیس دانشگاهی گیلان
3 دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
چکیده
در سالهای اخیر بخش قابل توجهی از جنگلهای بلوط غرب کشور با پدیده خشکیدگی مواجه شده است. بررسیهای اولیه، یکی از عوامل تاثیرگذار بر خشکیدگی جنگلهای بلوط را افزایش فراوانی وقوع و شدت پدیده گرد و غبار معرفی کردهاند. در این مطالعه، از تصاویر سنجنده مادیس با قدرت تفکیک مکانی یک کیلومتر و 250 متر و اطلاعات هواشناسی ایستگاههای همدیدی استان کرمانشاه مربوط به دوره زمانی 15 ساله (2014-2000) برای بررسی پدیده گرد و غبار و روند تغییرات سبزینگی جنگل در این استان استفاده شد. بررسی شدت گرد و غبار با استفاده از داده‌های دید افقی و طبقه‌بندی تصاویر با روش نظارتنشده صورت گرفت. همچنین، در این پژوهش ارتباط فراوانی وقوع گرد و غبار و روند تغییرات سبزینگی در محدودههای خشکیدگی جنگلهای بلوط مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بررسی رخداد گرد و غبار نشان داد که در استان کرمانشاه بهترتیب بیشترین روزهای دارای گرد و غبار در سالهای 2008 و 2009 به‌وقوع پیوسته است. بیشترین فراوانی وقوع گرد و غبارهای شدید مربوط به سال 2012 بوده است. همچنین، بررسی تصاویر ماهوارهای و شاخصهای طیفی نشان داد که بیشترین کاهش سبزینگی در جنگلهای متراکم (با بیش از 50 درصد تاج پوشش) به میزان 67 درصد و با دقت کلی 62 درصد در محدوده جنوب و جنوب شرق استان کرمانشاه و در مرز استانهای لرستان و ایلام اتفاق افتاده است. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که فراوانی پدیده گرد و غبار با پدیده کاهش سبزینگی جنگل بلوط همبستگی بالایی (0.7) دارد و گرد و غبار، بر کاهش سبزینگی جنگلهای بلوط استان کرمانشاه تاثیرگذار است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of vegetation changes trends in western oak forests and dust phenomenon using satellite and meteorological data integration in Kermanshah Province
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Salehi 1
- Kamran Pourmoghadam 2
- Aliakbar Noroozi 3
- Amir eslam Bonyad 1
1 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Iran
2 PhD Student of Forest, Guilan University Campus, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
چکیده [English]
In recent years, a considerable part of the western oak forests of the country has been faced with drought and decline. Initial studies have identified one of the factors affecting oak forest dryness as increasing frequency and severity of dust phenomenon. In this study, the MODIS sensors with a resolution of 1 km and 250 m and meteorological data of Kermanshah Province synoptic stations over a 15-years period (2014-2000) was used to investigate the dust phenomenon and the process of forest vegetation changes in the region. Dust intensity was investigated using visibility data and unsupervised image classification method. Also, in this study, the relationship between the occurrence of dust and vegetation changes in oak forests was investigated. Survey of dust events showed that Kermanshah Province had the highest number of dust events in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The highest incidence of severe dust was in 2012. In addition, satellite imagery and spectral indices also showed that the highest reduction of vegetation in dense forests (>50% canopy cover) by 67% and with an overall accuracy of 62% in the south and southeast of Kermanshah Province and at the border of Lorestan and Ilam provinces has happened. Results also showed that the frequency of dust phenomenon is highly correlated (70%) with the phenomenon of oak forest degradation; and dust has the effect of reducing the greenness of oak forests in Kermanshah province.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Classification
- MODIS
- Precipitation
- Soil moisture
- Synoptic station
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