نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2 استاد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
4 عضو هیئت علمی مجتمع آموزش عالی هراز
چکیده
حوزه‌های آبخیز شهری بهدلیل توسعه، دارای رفتار هیدرولوژیکی پیچیده‌تری نسبت به حوضه‌های طبیعی هستند که شناخت پاسخ هیدرولوژیکی آن‌ها به طراحی مناسب تسهیلات کنترل سیلاب کمک خواهد کرد. در این پژوهش، با استفاده از مدل SWMM، به بررسی پتانسیل تولید رواناب شهری در بخشی از محدوده شهری بابلسر پرداخته شد. هدف از این بررسی، تحلیل قابلیت استحصال آب جمع‌آوری شده باران در دوره‌های بازگشت‌های مختلف برای کاربرد در مصارف شهری است. بدینمنظور، در مدل SWMM، منطقه 69/65 هکتاری مطالعاتی در قالب شش واحد هیدرولوژیکی (از 94/5 تا 82/16 هکتار)، شش گره خروجی و چهار کانال تعریف شد و ارتفاع رواناب حاصل از بارش 24 ساعته با دوره بازگشت‌های مختلف بهدست آمد. با توجه به این نتایج، مقدار بارش 24 ساعته با دوره بازگشت 25 سال برابر 37/70 میلی‌متر است که از این مقدار، 73/33 میلی‌متر صرف نفوذ و 60/35 میلی‌متر نیز مربوط به رواناب است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در حدود 1/52 درصد از بارش طرح شهر بابلسر می‌تواند قابلیت تبدیلشدن به رواناب را داشته باشد. بیشترین ضریب رواناب در واحد هیدرولوژیک S3 است که در دوره بازگشت 100 سال، مقداری برابر 637/0 دارد. در این حال، کمترین ضریب رواناب در واحد هیدرولوژیک S1 است که مقدار آن در دوره بازگشت دو سال برابر 352/0 است. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که ضریب رواناب با دوره بازگشت ارتباط مستقیم دارد و بارش‌های بزرگ‌تر، ضریب رواناب بالاتری دارند. از طریق سامانه‌های جمع‌آوری، علاوهبر کاهش خطرات سیلاب شهر بابلسر، یک منبع مکمل آبی که جبران‌کننده بخشی از مصرف خانوارها در بخش غیرشرب است، به مدیریت منابع آب پرداخت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The use of SWMM model in determining the ability to collect and extract runoff in Babolsar , Mazandaran Province
نویسندگان [English]
- Negin Ghaderi 1
- Karim Soleimani 2
- Ataollah Kavian 3
- Mostafa Rashidpoor 4
1 MSc, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
4 -
چکیده [English]
Urban watersheds due to their development, have more complex hydrological behavior than natural watersheds, and understanding their hydrological response will help to design appropriate flood control facilities. In this study, SWMM model was used to investigate the potential of urban runoff production in a part of Babolsar urban area. The purpose of this study was to analyze the water availability of rainwater collected during different return periods for urban use. For this purpose, the SWMM model defined 65.65 ha of study area in the form of six hydrological units (from 5.94 to 16.82 ha), six output nodes and four channels were defined, and the height of runoff from 24-hour rainfall was obtained with different return periods. According to these results, the 24-hour rainfall with a 25-year return period is 70.37 mm, of which 33.73 mm for infiltration and 35.60 mm for runoff. Results showed that about 52.1% of rainfall of Babolsar City plan could have the ability to become runoff. The highest runoff coefficient is in the hydrological unit S3, which has a value of 0.637 at the 100 year return period. However, the lowest runoff coefficient is in hydrological unit S1 which has a value of 0.352 at 2-year return period. The results also showed that the runoff coefficient is directly related to the return period and the larger rainfall has a higher runoff coefficient. Through the collection systems, in addition to reducing the flood hazards of Babolsar City, a water supplement that offsets part of household consumption in the non-urban sector, also water resources management can be done.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Land use
- Permeability
- Runoff
- SWMM model
- Urban watershed
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