Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib; Ehsan Emami
Abstract
Sediment yield of watersheds is considered as a problem of water resources management and operation. Considering important role of sedimentation, accurate measurement and estimation of it is important for national investment in water resources development. Accuracy of sediment yield estimation depends ...
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Sediment yield of watersheds is considered as a problem of water resources management and operation. Considering important role of sedimentation, accurate measurement and estimation of it is important for national investment in water resources development. Accuracy of sediment yield estimation depends on the estimation methods. There are different parameters affectingt sediment yield. These parameters should be considered in simulation of sediment yield. An artificial neural network model is used for estimation of sediment yield in this research. The model with proper structure and sufficient data is trained and tested and it can recognize the relation of the parameters and sediment yield. The proper structure is found to be MLP. The result of the model is compared with a regional analysis model and it shows notable increasing of accuracy by the artificial neural network model.
Hossein Rastgar; Mehdi Habibi
Abstract
Sedimentation is one of the most important problems in watershed management. The characteristics of geological formations are the most basic factors which have an important role in sediment yield. There are several methods for sediment estimation, but sediment transport equations and formulas have been ...
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Sedimentation is one of the most important problems in watershed management. The characteristics of geological formations are the most basic factors which have an important role in sediment yield. There are several methods for sediment estimation, but sediment transport equations and formulas have been developed for special conditions which may not represent all conditions. Therefore to find out which method is suitable for a specific river, it is required to compare each method with the measured data. The purpose of this research is to evaluate efficiency of different methods of sediment discharge estimation in Jagin River at Panhan hydrometric station. The methods of modified Einstein, Engelund-Hansen, Yang, Habibi and Van Rijn are used in this investigation. The required data was collected from Water Regional Organization of Hormozgan Province. The sediment yield is estimated based on concentration of collected samples of floodwater. Then, the collected data were checked and corrected. The conclusion shows that the modified Einstein method is the most suitable method for sediment estimation in the study area.
Ali Reza Eslami; Abdol Rasoul Telvari
Abstract
The hydrologic events and physical structure of a basin is related to governing climatic conditions. Basins have different hydrologic responses considering their various morphologic and climatic characteristics. It is recommended to separate basins with respect to their major factors into homogenous ...
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The hydrologic events and physical structure of a basin is related to governing climatic conditions. Basins have different hydrologic responses considering their various morphologic and climatic characteristics. It is recommended to separate basins with respect to their major factors into homogenous groups with the same hydrologic conditions. This grouping is effective so that models for estimating flood peak discharge in each homogenous group have higher performance than a single model for all basins. In this research, firstly different morphological characteristic of selected basins were derived using GIS. Based on factor analysis, major variables (factors) including; basin area, weighted-average slope, drainage density and annual mean precipitation were selected. Then, all basins were classified in homogenous groups with respect to major factors using cluster analysis and discriminate functions analysis, statistical methods, and Andrew’s curve as a graphical method. To investigate on the efficiency of grouping, two control basins were selected and their similarity to each homogenous group was carried out using above methods. By applying regression models developed for whole region and homogenous groups, flood peak discharges for two basins with different return periods were estimated. Simulated values compared with observed data and showed that models for homogenous groups have better performance than those for the whole region.
Mohammad Reza Daneshvar; Mohammad Reza Danaeian
Abstract
In recent years, several flood-spreading projects are constructed in different provinces. Lack of information about planning criteria caused unsuitable ratio between flood spreading area and selected design flood discharge. To find a relation between two above-mentioned parameters this investigation ...
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In recent years, several flood-spreading projects are constructed in different provinces. Lack of information about planning criteria caused unsuitable ratio between flood spreading area and selected design flood discharge. To find a relation between two above-mentioned parameters this investigation was performed in 70-hec area of Miankooh flood spreading station. Soil infiltration tests were carried out before and after every flood spreading event. During the research period six flood events were harvested and several parameters were measured including; discharge, volume of flood, time of flood, volume of tail runoff, time of infiltration, area of flooded sections. In total, 2767288 m3 of flood volume was harvested and 2732361 m3 of water was infiltrated. Considering above-mentioned parameters, relation between maximum input discharge and flooded area, slope of the site, length of the embankment, height of weir and flood time were estimated and the final function was offered. As a result, height of weir and length of embankment have significant coordination (99%) with maximum input discharge.
Samad Shadfar; Mojtaba Yamani; Mohammad Namaki
Abstract
One of the hillslope movement processes is land sliding which causes both human loss and economic damages. Factors such as structural and dynamic developed landforms , forests clearing, incorrect technical principals in construction and maintenance of rural and forest roads, lack proper management and ...
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One of the hillslope movement processes is land sliding which causes both human loss and economic damages. Factors such as structural and dynamic developed landforms , forests clearing, incorrect technical principals in construction and maintenance of rural and forest roads, lack proper management and using existing resource causes much damages to rural settlements, construction activities, forest, rangeland, and agriculture lands every year. Landslide Hazard Zonation is the first step for proper land management to overcome these problems. To prepare LHZ, several thematic layers such as lithology, slope, elevation, land use, distance from faults and distance form drainage were digitally prepared. Landslide distribution map of the area was prepared through Arial photos interpretation and also field checks. The thematic layers were integrated using information value, area density and LNRF models in a GIS environment. Finally to validate the results, a sub-basin was selected as a control area and the calculated weights for this sub-basin were applied for the rest of the catchments. The result of this investigation indicates that most of the landslide occurred in pdr, Js lithological units composed of marl, clay and silt layers, slope class 30- 50 and on elevation 2000- 2500 m. Also, most of the instability are on rangeland and occurred in a distance of 0-300 m from drainage network. The research shows that the estimated percentage of high hazard class is 79, 63, and 66 percent for area density, LNRF, and information value models respectively.
Mohammad Nekouiemehr; Said Naim Emami; Ravanbakhsh Raisian; Majid Soufi; Msoud Goodarzi
Abstract
Applied research about preventing gully initiation and expansion, needs basic knowledge about the types and morphometric characteristics of gullies. The purpose of current research is the classification of gullied regions based on morpho-climatic characteristics in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province. ...
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Applied research about preventing gully initiation and expansion, needs basic knowledge about the types and morphometric characteristics of gullies. The purpose of current research is the classification of gullied regions based on morpho-climatic characteristics in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province. In this research, two gullied regions covering an area about 500 ha were selected in each climate zone and three representative gullies were chosen in each region. The morphometric characteristics were measured in each studied area. Classification of gullied regions was done using cluster analysis based on quantitative characteristics. The results indicate that gullied regions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province can be divided to three groups base on morpho-climatic characteristics. Maximum similarity level was 94.12 percent. A comparison of variance analysis and mean value of variables in groups shows that, annual rainfall, elevation above sea level, gully length, gullied region area and top width of gullies were the most important variables in separating of the groups. Generally, we can emphasize that among all morphometric characteristics; only gully length and top width have the main role in morpho-climatic classification.
Reza Ghafoorian; Hossein Sanaeinejhad; Najafgholi Ghiasi; Abolghasem Dadrasi; Javad Eizi
Abstract
Determination of mean slope of a watershed area is an essential parameter in most of the water resources projects. There are many methods for determining this parameter. The methods frequently used can be listed as Justin, Networking, Horton, Eight points, Average slope curve and a Geographic Information ...
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Determination of mean slope of a watershed area is an essential parameter in most of the water resources projects. There are many methods for determining this parameter. The methods frequently used can be listed as Justin, Networking, Horton, Eight points, Average slope curve and a Geographic Information System (GIS). Generally experts based on their experiences use one of the mentioned methods. Investigations in some watershed areas showed that the results of applying the various methods are considerable different in a given area. In order to obtain the most accurate method, it is necessary to compare the results of experimental methods with the mean slope which is directly measured in the field, namely direct method. In this study, three regions were selected in different parts of Khorasan Province. For these regions topographic maps with large scales of 1:1000 to 1:3000 were prepared. Afterward seven mountain slopes were chosen in the regions and mean slope was computed for the slopes using the above mentioned methods. The mean slope was directly measured in the field for all seven mountain slopes as well. The obtained results from the various methods have been compared with the direct method by Paired-Samples T test. Analysis showed that the Horton method is the most accurate method with respect to the others. Justin and GIS methods are in next order of accuracy in comparison with the direct method.
