Watershed Engineering and Management

In collaboration with Iranian Watershed Management Association

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Guide for Authors

Receiving the code ORCID

Reviewers

Publons membership guide

Investigation of the effect of different surfaces of rainwater catchment on runoff production and erosion control

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Faculty Member, Research and Education Center for Agricultural and Natural Resources of East Azarbaijan

Abstract

Optimal use of rainfall in arid and semi-arid regions can play an important role in meeting the water needs of green space in low water seasons. On the other hand, poor vegetation can cause erosion and destruction in sloping lands that can be partially resolved if water and soil resources are properly managed. Rainfall is one of the most important sources of water supply for various uses. One of the methods of collecting rainwater is to make the ground impermeable and to maximize rainwater runoff. Impermeable surfaces can exist naturally like rock surfaces, or can be artificially created by covering the ground with materials such as asphalt, concrete, insulation sheets such as plastic, geomembrane and decamond. This study, which was carried out in the northern part of Tabriz, was conducted in four treatments, each with three replications of 4 m2 (2m×2m), including geomembrane cover area, plastic cover with sand protection, natural surface and natural surface with sand mulch. Results of 78 rainfall events over two years showed that in intermediate slopes of 33-38.6%, runoff from rainfall for geomembrane, plastic cover with sand protection, natural surface and natural surface with sand mulch were 84, 67, 3 and 2% of rainfall respectively and rainfall threshold for runoff at mentioned surfaces was 0.28, 2.56, 9.95 and 11.12 mm, respectively. Therefore, with respect to annual normal rainfall (245.7 mm), the volume of runoff accumulated for geomembrane, plastic cover with sand protection, natural surface and natural surface with sand mulch will be 206, 164, seven and five Lm-2 ina year, respectively. Comparing the means, the geomembrane cover treatment was identified as a suitable option for runoff production. Also, sand mulch on the natural surface reduces soil erosion from 97 to 9.5 grm-2 in two years.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbasi, E.A., J. Tabatabai Yazdi and H. Tavakoli. 2013. Investigation of rainwater potential in urban watersheds, case study: Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems, 2(2): 24 - 17 (in Persian).   

    1. Attarzadeh Hoseyni, V., M.R. Khaleghi and J. Tabatabai Yazdi. 2014. The effect of runoff coefficient on rainwater harvesting from roof surfaces in Torbat-Jam Mehr Housing Basin. 3rd International Conference on Rainwater catchments Systems, Birjand University, Iran (in Persian).
    2. Boers, Th.M. and J. Ben-Asher. 1982. A review of rainwater harvesting. Agricultural Water Management, 5: 145-158.
    3. Dreelin, E.A., L. Fowler and C.R. Carroll. 2006. A test of porous pavement effectiveness on clay soils during natural storm events. Water Research, 40: 799-805.
    4. Geytorri, M., M. Heshmati and M. Roghani. 2019. Investigation of three runoff harvesting systems to increase of soil moisture. 1st National Conference on Rainwater Catchments Systems. Mashhad, Iran (in Persian).
    5. Habibi, N. and H. Khalediyan. 2018. Investigation of operation of isolated, semi-isolated and natural surfaces on runoff coefficient in rainwater catchment surfaces. 3rd National Conference on Soil Conservation and Watershed Management. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
    6. Hudson, N. 1987. Soil and water conservation in semi-arid areas. FAO, Soil Resources, Management and Conservation Service, 125 page.
    7. Krishna, H. 2003. An overview of rainwater harvesting systems and guidelines in the United States. Proceeding of the First American Rainwater Harvesting Conference, Austin, 21-23 August.
    8. Lalljee, B. and S. Facknath. 1999. Water harvesting and alternate sources of water for agriculture. PROSI Magazine, No. 368.
    9. Li, X.Y. 2000. Soil and water conservation in arid and semiarid areas: the Chinese experience. Annals of Arid Zone, 39(4):377-393
    10. Li, X.Y., Z. Kui Xie and X. Kui Yan. 2004. Runoff characteristics of artificial catchment materials for rainwater harvesting in the semi-arid regions of China. Agricultural Water Management, 65: 211–224.
    11. Li, X.Y. and J.D. Gong. 2002. Compacted micro catchments with local earth materials for rainwater harvesting in the semi-arid region of China. Journal of Hydrology, 257(1-4): 134-144.
    12. Mehdizadeh, M. and S.M. Namaki. 2014. Investigation of operation of isolated, semi-isolated and natural surfaces in rainfall-runoff process. 2nd National Conference on Rainwater Catchment Systems, Mashhad, Iran (in Persian).
    13. Niknezhad, D. 2014. Investigation of operation of isolated, semi-isolated and natural surfaces in rainfall runoff process of water harvesting system. Research Final Report, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, 27 pages (in Persian).
    14. Pacey, A. and A. Cullis. 1989. Rainwater harvesting: the collection of rainfall and runoff in rural areas. Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 55 pages.
    15. Pahlevani, P., M.T. Dastorani, J. Tabatabaee Yazdi and M. Vafakhah. 2016. Evaluation and comparison of rainwater harvesting potential from roof catchments in different climatic conditions, case study: Mashhad and Noor in Iran. Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems, 12(4): 1-10 (in
      Persian).
    16. Ramier, D., E. Berthier and H. Andrieu. 2004. An urban lysimeter to assess runoff losses on asphalt concrete plates. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 29: 839-847.
    17. Rezaei, A. 2011. Investigation of operation of isolated, semi-isolated and natural surfaces in rainfall runoff process of water harvesting system. Research Final Report, Soil Conservation and Watershed
      Management Research Institute, 27 pages (in Persian).
    18. Shahini, Gh. 2003. Basin-level optimization systems by increasing moisture retention in soil profiles
      in the Golestan Province. Research Final Report, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, 68 pages (in Persian).
    19. Shoaee, Z., J. Goddossi, A. Telvari, M.H. Mehraban and E.Ghafori. 2003. Rain catchment systems project for sustainable development of environmental resources. State Scientific Research Council, (Agriculture Commission), 707 pages (in Persian).
    20. Tavakoli Shirazi, N. and G. Akbari. 2013. Investigation of the advantages and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting methods. 2nd National Conference on Rainwater Catchment Systems, Mashhad, Iran (in Persian).
    21. Tavakoli, A.R. 2013. Determination of technical characters of micro-catchments water
      harvesting systems for rainfed Almond trees. Journal of Agricultural Engineer Research, 14(2): 1-16 (in Persian).
Watershed Engineering and Management
Volume 13, Issue 2
July 2021
Pages 497-511
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics