Watershed Engineering and Management

In collaboration with Iranian Watershed Management Association

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Guide for Authors

Receiving the code ORCID

Reviewers

Publons membership guide

Effective physico-chemical indices on marls sediment yield in Zagros structural zone, case study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Soil conservatoin and watershed management research institute, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Marls are one of the main causes of sediment production and subsequent soil erosion in watersheds. Researchs shows that there is a close relationship between the rate of marls sediment yield and their physical and chemical characteristics. With the aim of determining the expansion of marly formations and a quantitative assessment of  the mentioned indices role on the sediment yield of marls in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, a comprehensive study was conducted and its outstanding results are presented in this study. After identifying and separating the marly formations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and performing systematic sampling, necessary physical and chemical experiments were performed and the results were analyzed using statistical methods. Then, using a rainfall simulator, the sediment production rate of each marly stratigraphic units was measured in the field. Results showed that about 1073.95 Km2 (equal to 6.5%) of province rocks has devoted to marly lithological units. On the basis of analyses, Razak, Pabdeh, Hormoz, Mishan and Gurpi formations with mean of 96.34, 94.41, 87.1, 76.17 and 33 grm-2 are the most sensitive marly formations, respectively. Sediment yield is directly related to silt amounts, total lime, active lime, exchangable sodium and reverse related to clay amounts. The presence of Kaolinite and Illite clay minerals is one of the intensifying factors in sedimen yeild in marly formations.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbasi, N., A. Abdi, A. Rezaei and Y. Ghadimi. 2005. Geological classification of marls erosion in the lower Ghezel Ozan Basin in Zanjan Province. Research Final Report, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, 120 pages (in Persian).

    1. Ahmadi, H. 1995. Applied geomorphology. Tehran University Press, 308 pages (in Persian).
    2. Bamiki, R.E., M. Séranne, El H. Chellaï, G. Merzeraud, M. Marzoqi and M. Melinte-obrinescu. 2020. Unraveling the accumulation and differentiation processes. Sedimentary Geology, 403: 55-71.
    3. Benito, G., M. Gutierrez and C. Sancho. 1991. Erosion pattern in rill and interrill areas in badland zones of the middle Ebro Basin (NE-Spain) .Soil Erosion Studies in Spain, 2: 41-54.
    4. Benito, S., M. Gutierrez and C. Zaragoza. 1993. The inflence of physico-chemical properties on erosion process in badland areas, Ebro Basin, NE Spain. Journal of Zeit Fur Geom, 37(2): 199-214.
    5. Bouma, A. 1998. Investigation of relationships between measured field indicators and erosion processes on badland surface at Petrer, Spain. Journal of Soil Science Society of America, 25: 105–109.
    6. Bouma, N. and A. Imeson. 2000. Investigation of relationships between measured field indicators and erosion processes on badland surfaces at Peter, Spain. Journal of Catena, 40: 147-171.
    7. Bufalo, M. and D. Nahon. 1992. Erosional process and Mediterranean badlands: a new erosivity index for predicting sediment yield from gully erosion. Geoderma, 52: 133-147.
    8. Creda, A. 2002. The effect of season and parent material on water erosion on highly eroded soils in eastern Spain. Journal of Arid Environments, 52: 319–337.
    9. Emami, N. 2013. Classification and determination of erosion indices of marls in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Research Final Report, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, 161 pages (in Persian).
    10. Engelend, G.B. 1971. Runoff processes and slope development in badlands national monument, south Dakota. Journal of Hydrology, 18: 55-79.
    11. Esmailpour, A. 1996. Investigation of marls around Urmia Lake and determining their sensitivity to water erosion. Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center, 200 pages (in Persian).
    12. Feiznia, S., F. Sharifi and M. Zare. 2003. Sensitivity of formations to erosion in Chandab Watershed and Varamin. Journal of Research and Construction, 61: 203 – 217 (in Persian).
    13. Ghadimi Aroos Mahale, F. 1998. A study of the relationship between erosion forms and chemical and physical properties of marls. Journal of Research and Construction, 40: 95-99 (in Persian).
    14. Ghadimi aroos mahale, F., F. Pourmetin and C. Qudusi. 1999. The effect of physical and chemical properties of marls on the formation of erosion forms. The First Iranian Conference on Engineering and Environmental Geology, Tehran, Tarbiat Moallem University, 919-929 (in Persian).
    15. Gourfi, A., L. Daoudi and Z. Shi. 2018. The assessment of soil erosion risk, sediment yield and their controlling factors on a large scale: example of Morocco. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 147:  281-299.
    16. Heede, B. 1971. Characteristics and processes of soil piping in gullies. Agriculture Forest Service Paper, 68: 1-15.
    17. Heshmati, M. 1996. Physical-chemical properties, erosion and sediment production of Pabdeh, Gachsaran and Aghajari formations in Qasr Shirin area. MSc Thesis, 210 pages (in Persian).
    18. Hussein, H., H. Kariem and A. Othman. 2007. Soil erodibility in northern Iraq using natural runoff plot data. Journal of Soil and Tillage Research, 94: 220–228.
    19. Jantzi, H., F. Liébault and S. Klotz. 2017. Sediment residence time in alluvial storage of black marl badlands. Catena, 156: 82-91.
    20. Khameh Chian, M. 1990. Study of physical and mechanical properties of marly-clayey rocks. MSc Thesis, 250 pages (in Persian).
    21. Mohamed, A. 2000. The role of clay minerals in marl soils on its stability. Journal of Engineering Geology, 57: 193-203.
    22. Moosdorf, N., S. Cohen and Ch.V. Hagke. 2018. A global erodibility index to represent sediment production potential of different rock types. Applied Geography, 101: 36-44.
    23. Ouhadi, V. and R. Young. 2003. The role of clay fraction of marly soils on their post stabilization failure. Journal of Engineering Geology, 14: 6-10.
    24. Renard, K., G. Foster, G. Weesies and J. Porter. 1991. RUSLE, revised universal soil loss equation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 46: 30-33.
    25. Rienks, S.M., G.A. Botha and J.C. Hughes. 2000. Some physical and chemical properties of sediments exposed in gully (donga) in Northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa and their relationship to the erodibility of the colluvial layer. Catena, 39(1): 11-31.
    26. Russell, D. and K. Kelts. 2003. Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components. Journal of Paleolimnology, 29: 141-154.
    27. Rey, F. and M. Buryilo. 2014. Can bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings trap sediment in eroded marly gullies in a Mediterranean mountainous climate? Geomorphology, 204: 564-572.
    28. Schiettecatte, W., K. Jin, Y. Yuqing, M. Cornelis, J. Lu, H. Wu, K. Verbist, D. Cai, D. Gabriels and R. Hartmann. 2005. Influence of simulated rainfall on physical properties of a conventionally tilled loess soil. Catena, 64: 209-221.
    29. Sirventij, D.G., M.S. Guticrres and G. Benito. 1997. Erosion in badland areas recorded by collectors erosion pins and profilometer techniques (Ebro Basin, Nw, Spain). Geomorphology, 18( 2): 61-75.
Watershed Engineering and Management
Volume 13, Issue 2
July 2021
Pages 310-327
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics