Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Ghasem Mortezaii 1
- jafar lotfi 2
- shahram khalighi sigarodi 3
- mohsen saravi 3
- Aliakbar Nazari Samini 4
1 Associate Prof.Institute of Development Studies Research
2 Master's degree in Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
4 Associate professor,College of Agriculture & Natural, University of Tehran
Abstract
In recent years, Kurdistan Province has faced a dramatic decline in groundwater levels. In this research, the time interval between the occurrence of meteorological drought and hydrological drought was determined for the necessary measures to cope with the drought caused by the lack of surface water and underground water resources. Therefore, the hydrological drought situation in Kurdistan Province was evaluated using Groundwater Resources Index (GRI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) and compared with meteorological drought indicators. The GRI and SDI time series for the 30 years of studied period of 1982-2014 was inter-compared. The GRI showed the highest percentage of frequency of normal period. According to the results of Man-Kendall test, in all time scales, SDI has a higher variability than the meteorological drought indicators. Knowing the interval between the occurrence of meteorological drought and hydrological drought will help managers to cope with the drought caused by a shortage of surface water resources in the interior ministry, The Markov chain model used to predict the current state of a system with regard to the previous state in the statistical period showed good performance. According to the results of the study, on average, the probability of dry, wet and normal periods in the stations was 31, 29, and 40 percent, respectively. This means that in most cases, the region is in normal climatic condition, while the likelihood of wet and dry conditions is very similar. Also, SPEI with12 and 24 months’ time scales have the highest correlation with GRI index at 3 months lag-times, which showed the effects of meteorological drought on groundwater level even after two years or more. By considering the results of this study, the executive directors of water in the province can mitigate the effects of the crises caused by the hydrological droughts.
Keywords
- Abhishek, A., P. Channaveerappa and B.M. Dodamani. 2016. Comparison of two hydrological drought indices. Perspectives in Science, 8(2016): 626-628.
- Van Loon, F. and G. Laaha. 2015. Hydrological drought severity explained by climate and catchment characteristics. Journal of Hydrology, 526: 3-14.
- Aghabeygi, M. 2015. Study of meteorological hydrological drought in Gilan Province using different indices. MSc Thesis, Hormozgan University, 132 pages (in Persian).
- Chamanpira, Gh., Zehtabian, H. Ahmadi and A. Malekian. 2014. Effect of drought on groundwater resources, a study to optimize utilization management, Alashtar Plain. Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, 10: 48-56.
- Ekrami, M., H. Malekinejadand and M.R. Ekhtesasi. 2014. Investigation of the effect of meteorological and hydrological drought in ground water resources. Journal of Iran Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 20: 47-54 (in Persian).
- Gonzalez, J. and J.B. Valdes. 2003. Bivariate drought recurrence analysis using tree ring reconstructions. Hydrologic Engineering, 8(5): 247–258.
- Haiyan, Z., Ge, A. Wei, Z. Xukai, L. Haitao and H. Meiting. 2015. Timescale differences between SC-PDSI and SPEI for drought monitoring in China. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 102: 48-58.
- Joshi, N., Divya, S. Shakti, A. Jan and A.M. Chandra. 2016. Analysis of trends and dominant periodicities in drought variables in India: a wavelet transform based approach. Atmospheric Research, 182: 200-220.
- Karimi, M. and K. Shahedi. 2013. Hydrological drought analysis of Karkheh River Basin in Iran using variable threshold level method. Environmental Science, 8(3): 41-59.
- Khosravi, H., Haidari, Gh. Zehtabian and J. Bazrafshan. 2016. Analysis of spatial and temporal trends of Groundwater Resource Index (GRI), case study: Ardakan Yazd. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 22(4): 21-32 (in Persian).
- Lukas, A. and L. Vasiliades. 2005. Identification of the relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought. Geophysics Research Letters, 7: 1-10.
- McKee, T.B., N.J. Doesken and J. Kleist. 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Eight Conference on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, Californiaif, American Meteorological Society, 179-184.
- Mahmodi, Z. and H. Zeynivand. 2014. An analysis of relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought, case study: Kashkan Watershed. International Bulletin of Water Resources and Development, 2(3): 150-162 (in Persian).
- Mendicino, G., Senatore and P. Versace. 2008. A Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) for drought monitoring and forecasting in a Mediterranean climate. Journal of Hydrology, 12: 282-302.
- Mohammadi, M., Moradi and M. Vafakhah. 2013. Local distribution and relation between meteorological and hydrological droughts in Arak Plain. Journal of Physical Geography, 15(5): 77-84 (in Persian).
- Mofidipour, N., Birdishish, M. Onagh and A. Saadoddin. 2012. A survey of meteorological and hydrological droughts in Atrak Watershed. Watershed Management Research Center, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 3(5): 12-24 (in Persian).
- Mortezaie, F.G. and Shahbazi. 2012. Survey indicators for assessing and mapping water and wind erosion desertification and provide sustainable development strategy. Journal of Watershed Management Engineering Association Iran, 6: 45-52 (in Persian).
- Nosrati, K. 2013. Regional analysis of hydrological drought at Sefidrod Watershed by base flow index. Journal of Rangeland and Watershed Management, 2(65): 257-267 (in Persian).
- Soleymani, L. and A. Haghiizadeh. 2016. Evaluation of the effect recent droughts on lake discharge reduction, case study: Lake Keeyow, Khorramabad. International Bulltein of Water Resources and Development, 3: 99-108 (in Persian).
- Tribeni, C., Sharma and S. Panu. 2014. Modeling of hydrological drought durations and magnitudes: experiences on Canadian stream flows. Journal of Hydrology, 1: 92-106.
- Tabari, H., J. Nikbakht and P.H. Talaee. 2013. Hydrological drought assessment in Northwestern Iran based on Streamflow Drought Index (SDI). Water Resources Management, 27(1): 11-22.
- Van Loon, A.F. and G. Laaha. 2015. Hydrological drought severity explained by climate and catchment Journal of Hydrology, 526: 3-14.
- Vicente-Serrano, S.M., S. Beguería and J.I. López-Moreno. 2010. A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Journal of Climate, 23(7): 1696-1718.
- Wanders, N., Y. Wada and H.A.J. Van Lanen. 2015. Global hydrological droughts in the 21st century under a changing hydrological regime. Earth System Dynamic, 6: 1-15.
)