Ardeshir Mesbah; Esmail Karamidehkordi; Shadali Tohidloo; Amin Salehpour Jam; Tofigh Saadi
Abstract
Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation ...
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Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation and combined researches. This study was carried out using a conceptual methodology and using a systematic analysis of related researches conducted in the country in the form of articles, treatises and dissertations included in selected databases inside the country. In this research, using conceptual analysis, the data were analyzed thematically. Although a handful of studies on resilience against natural hazards had been conducted in Iran before the 2010s, these resilience studies, especially in rural areas, have a short lifespan. After the scientific refinement of 1742 scientific documents from the beginning of 2010s, fifty seven related articles and theses were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that the most studies conducted in the field of resilience were in the field of drought and the least studies were conducted in the field of land degradation studies. In the researches carried out in the field of flood, the social dimension received the most attention and the institutional dimension received the least attention. In the field of drought, the economic dimension and the institutional dimension respectively had the most and the least attention in the researches conducted in this field. In the field of land degradation and combined research, the physical dimension was the most important. By identifying the important components of society's resilience against natural hazards, it is possible to improve crisis management, reduce damages and effectively plan development and educational projects at the country level.
Nader Heydari
Abstract
Karkheh watershed is located in the western to southwestern region of Iran and in a dry to semi-arid region. The existence of different agricultural systems, including irrigated and rainfed agriculture, low water efficiency, the existence of production limitations (salinity and drainage management in ...
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Karkheh watershed is located in the western to southwestern region of Iran and in a dry to semi-arid region. The existence of different agricultural systems, including irrigated and rainfed agriculture, low water efficiency, the existence of production limitations (salinity and drainage management in the downstream), poverty and lack of livelihood of local communities (upstream), the issues of upstream-downstream impacts of the basin, environmental issues, etc., led to the proposal of the Karkheh watershed as a suitable model in the country for the CGIAR Global Water and Food Challenge Program (known as CPWF). Therefore, this basin was chosen as one of the representative watersheds among the other nine watersheds of this global program, as a model for arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and the program was implemented during phase one of the program (2004 to 2008). In the implementation of this program, approaches, organization and mechanism, management structure, technical and program criteria, basin management principles, stakeholders' participation, innovations and ways of presenting outputs, in different stages of basin selection, program start and during The implementation of projects approved by the program were adopted and used. The main objective of this article is to document the methodology used during the process of implementing the CPWF international research and development program in the Karkheh Basin, so that its hidden knowledge is revealed, related experiences and achievements are documented, and used for future uses in other similar projects in this or other basins in the country. The study method is mainly based and derived from the study and analysis of program documentation archives, reports, discussions held during the meetings, the results of workshops and national and international conferences and the reports of the field visits carried out during the implementation of the global CPWF program and the implementation of this program in Karkheh basin. Among the important achievements and methodologies and the documented indicators of the program, one can include the methodology of collaborative development of technologies, the examination of the paths of project results, the criteria for selecting research sites, and the methodology for determining the principles of integrated watershed management which are presented and explained in detail in this article.
