Ali Mohammad Ghaeminia
Abstract
One of the natural landscapes observed in arid and desert areas is the accumulation of loose sand in and around plants, which over time causes the formation of sand masses. In Arabic, this type of land is called “نَبکَة: /næbkæ/”, which means small hill and ridge. The word ...
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One of the natural landscapes observed in arid and desert areas is the accumulation of loose sand in and around plants, which over time causes the formation of sand masses. In Arabic, this type of land is called “نَبکَة: /næbkæ/”, which means small hill and ridge. The word has been translated from Arabic into English as well as Persian, and in most scientific texts in these two languages, the word “nebkha” and “نبکا /nebkɑ/” are used to express this form of land, respectively. Studying the scientific texts, it was found that there are other writing methods such as nabkha, nebka, nabka and nabkhah for this word, which with the images used to show this phenomenon, indicates that all the authors meant nebkha. These differences in spelling prevent researchers from accessing most of the research done on this phenomenon. In addition, terms such as coppice dune and phytogenic hillock are found in the equivalent of nebkha in the literature. In this short article, the use of the word nebkha in the texts as one of the landform of deserts has been studied. The results showed that in order to obtain more comprehensive information when studying this phenomenon from different aspects such as geomorphology and ecology, it is necessary to search for different writing methods and equivalent words.
Seyedeh Akram Jooybari; Hamidreza Peyrowan; Peyman Rezaee; Hamid Gholami
Abstract
Hendijan wind erosion center is located in Khuzestan Province and southwest of Iran. In the last decade, with the increase of erosion rate and concentration of important dust centers in this area, the study of heavy metal concentration and pollution in this area has become very important. For this purpose, ...
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Hendijan wind erosion center is located in Khuzestan Province and southwest of Iran. In the last decade, with the increase of erosion rate and concentration of important dust centers in this area, the study of heavy metal concentration and pollution in this area has become very important. For this purpose, 33 soil samples of this zone were collected based on land use change and with the aim of uniform distribution and analyzed by ICP-MSS. The obtained data show that the highest average concentrations of metals belong to Cd <As <Cu <Pb <Zn <Ni <Cr, respectively. Enrichment indices, geo-accumulation index and contaminant factor showed that the highest pollution in Hindijan area belongs to nickel, chromium, arsenic, cadmium and plumbum, respectively. On the other hand, ecological risk assessment in the mentioned area has shown that this region has a low ecological risk that among the studied metals, the highest ecological risk belongs to the two metals arsenic and cadmium. The results of PCA test showed that the metals nickel, zinc, copper and lead have both non-anthropogenic and anthropogenic sources and the source of arsenic and cadmium metals is human activities. According to the pattern of metal distribution, it can be stated that the activities related to Bahrkan fishing pier on the one hand and oil rigs off the coast of Hindijan oil field on the other hand have caused the concentration of nickel, lead, zinc and copper in the south of the study area. Agricultural activities have also controlled the concentration of cadmium and arsenic metals in this area, and the source of chromium concentration was determined as agricultural effluents, traffic pollution and residual pollution from the 8-year Iraq-Iran war.
Morteza Khodagholi; Raziyeh Saboohi2
Abstract
The wind erosion is one of the most striking examples and the most devastating flow identifiers of desertification among the difficult obstacle of development in many countries. The rate of affected area by wind erosion in Iran is more than six times the global average. So, the purpose of this study ...
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The wind erosion is one of the most striking examples and the most devastating flow identifiers of desertification among the difficult obstacle of development in many countries. The rate of affected area by wind erosion in Iran is more than six times the global average. So, the purpose of this study is climatic zonation in west and south-west of Iran with emphasis on wind. In this study, 77 annually and monthly climate variables were selected within and adjacent areas of studied location from weather stations of the Weather Organization of Iran. To reduce the number of variables and determining effective factors, factor analysis with varimax relation was used, and then the spatial distribution of the factor score area plotted in Surfer Ver. 10. The result of the factor analysis identified six factors of heating temperature-precipitation, wind mean speed, prevailing wind speed, relative humidity, the fastest wind speed and solar radiation. These factors included 24.01, 19.78, 14.65, 12.66, 9.85 and 3.09 percent and in total 84 percent of the data variance. In this region seven climate zones were determined with Ward method that include moderate Mediterranean region with relatively fast winds, hot and semi-arid region with fast winds, hot and relatively arid region with calm air, extreme hot, arid and windy with fast winds, extremely hot, arid and windy, relatively hot and semi-arid with calm air, extremely hot and arid with relatively fast winds that extend on 17, 10.5, 15.1, 22.1, 7.9, 9.9 and 17.4 percent of the study area, respectively.
