Ardeshir Mesbah; Esmail Karamidehkordi; Shadali Tohidloo; Amin Salehpour Jam; Tofigh Saadi
Abstract
Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation ...
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Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation and combined researches. This study was carried out using a conceptual methodology and using a systematic analysis of related researches conducted in the country in the form of articles, treatises and dissertations included in selected databases inside the country. In this research, using conceptual analysis, the data were analyzed thematically. Although a handful of studies on resilience against natural hazards had been conducted in Iran before the 2010s, these resilience studies, especially in rural areas, have a short lifespan. After the scientific refinement of 1742 scientific documents from the beginning of 2010s, fifty seven related articles and theses were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that the most studies conducted in the field of resilience were in the field of drought and the least studies were conducted in the field of land degradation studies. In the researches carried out in the field of flood, the social dimension received the most attention and the institutional dimension received the least attention. In the field of drought, the economic dimension and the institutional dimension respectively had the most and the least attention in the researches conducted in this field. In the field of land degradation and combined research, the physical dimension was the most important. By identifying the important components of society's resilience against natural hazards, it is possible to improve crisis management, reduce damages and effectively plan development and educational projects at the country level.
seyed jafar seyed akhlaghi; mostafa taleshi
Abstract
Resilience is one of the strategies to reduce the vulnerability of communities in dealing with natural hazards. Among environmental hazards, drought is the most costly natural hazard due to the decrease in production and severity of suffering for villagers and farmers. Assessment of the effects of recent ...
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Resilience is one of the strategies to reduce the vulnerability of communities in dealing with natural hazards. Among environmental hazards, drought is the most costly natural hazard due to the decrease in production and severity of suffering for villagers and farmers. Assessment of the effects of recent drought in the country, Indicators of low resilience of societies against this natural hazard are therefore indispensable for resilience of societies against drought. This is an applied research and has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of measuring and evaluating the level of rural resilience in facing drought risk. To conduct research, using library resources, indicators and factors affecting rural resilience were identified and defined operationally. Then, using the field method and the questionnaire, the required information was gathered and the information collected using SPSS software Processed. The statistical population of the rural farmers is Hablehrood. For this purpose, 9 villages from different areas of the province with different levels of drought and development were selected and based on the Cochran formula, 271 farmers were selected as sample size. The tests used in this research are single sample T, Friedman test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the level of field fluctuation was at an undesirable level and lower than the average level, and the rural areas of Hablehrood watershed were at risk of drought occurrence in the vulnerability to resilience.
mohammad ekrami; Rasool Mahdavi Najaf abadi; Marzieh Rezai; hassan vagharfard; Jalal Barkhordari
Abstract
In recent decades, among natural disasters, the frequency of agricultural drought has been higher than other natural disasters. The best way to management of agricultural drought was to management drought-stricken society. The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability and spatial analysis ...
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In recent decades, among natural disasters, the frequency of agricultural drought has been higher than other natural disasters. The best way to management of agricultural drought was to management drought-stricken society. The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability and spatial analysis of drought in Pishkuh watershed in Yazd province. the effective parameters in the vulnerability of agricultural drought in the region became information layers, and after weighting the layers in terms of the importance of agricultural drought vulnerability in the framework of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) Agricultural drought in the study area was prepared. In order to control, monitoring and evaluation the final map, field studies of the study area were also used. The results showed that the highest weight of the effective parameters in drought vulnerability was related to the precipitation parameter, the value of which is equal to 0.31, and the lowest weight was related to the slope parameter with a value of 0.05. According to the obtained results, the most vulnerable agricultural droughts were related to Sanich, Darashir, Darasir, Eshkaft, Morok, etc. Geomorphologically, these areas were considered to be high and mountainous, more severe than plain areas due to the low depth of sediments, coarse-grained soil texture and aquatic resources (Qanats), mainly their vulnerability to drought, and In terms of time, they suffer more quickly, in other words, they suffer a lot of damage in the short term. While areas such as Islamia, Nasrabad, Mazrea Akhund, Hemmatabad , etc. were in a lower degree of agricultural drought damage. The results indicate that the degree of damage to agricultural drought estimated in the final map is in line with the findings of field studies. Therefore, the map of agricultural drought vulnerability has acceptable and desirable accuracy.
Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi; Zeinab Hazbavi; Mehdi Gholamalifard
Abstract
Developing an understandable and comprehensive conceptual model for watershed health assessment is one of the main priorities of many various managerial and policy making projects in the world including the mega project on the integrated watershed management of Iran. Towards this, the present study as ...
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Developing an understandable and comprehensive conceptual model for watershed health assessment is one of the main priorities of many various managerial and policy making projects in the world including the mega project on the integrated watershed management of Iran. Towards this, the present study as the pioneering research in the country has been conducted to customize the reliability, resilience and vulnerability (RelResVul) conceptual model based on hydrological data to assess watershed health. To this end, firstly the long-term data of discharge of the Shazand Watershed that located in Markazi Province was prepared and the flow duration curve was accordingly derived. Secondly, the appropriate thresholds of low and high flow discharges as prerequisites for watershed health assessment were applied to the RelResVul conceptual model. Hence, the reliability (Rel), resilience (Res) and vulnerability (Vul) indicators were calculated for four node years of 1986, 1998, 2008 and 2014. Finally, the general health state of the Shazand Watershed and its different sub-watersheds was zoned on the basis of two low and high flow discharge criteria through the geometric integrating of the mentioned indicators. The results showed that for the four study years respectively, 59, 53, 68 and 66 % of the watershed in terms of low flow discharge as well as 19, 22, 54 and 38 % of the Shazand Watershed in terms of high flow discharge were situated beyond relatively healthy state. The watershed health index assessment indicated the moderate and relatively healthy states with improving trend for low flow discharge criterion and moderate healthy state with constant trend for high flow discharge criterion. In addition, the results were verified the spatial changeability of watershed health state in different sub-watersheds for the study years.
