Davood Nikkami; Peyman Razmjoo; Farzad Bayat Movahed
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2010, , Pages 65-72
Abstract
The amount of water erosion is basically related to rainfall erosivity and its consequent runoff. In soil erosion and sediment yield models, intensity and energy of rainfall are mostly considered. In this research, some parameters such as the amount of rainfall, maximum intensity and energy in different ...
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The amount of water erosion is basically related to rainfall erosivity and its consequent runoff. In soil erosion and sediment yield models, intensity and energy of rainfall are mostly considered. In this research, some parameters such as the amount of rainfall, maximum intensity and energy in different basic times are correlated to the amount of runoff and sediment outflow from erosion plots to investigate rainfall erosivity index. For this purpose two years of precipitations of Sohrain-Gharacharian flood spreading research station were monitored by recording raingauge. During 2003-2004 period, two plough treatments of parallel and perpendicular to slope direction on three slope classes of 0-12, 12-20, and 20-40 percent with three replicates and randomized complete block design were studied under regional wheat planting and fallow conditions in 1.8x22 sq. meter erosion plots. The correlation between the amounts of runoff and sediment, as dependent variables, resulted from 12 rainfall events and the amounts of rainfall, maximum 1, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes of rainfall intensity, rainfall energy and rainfall erosion index, as independent variables, computed by different methods were analyzed with the SPSS V11. Two variables of the amount of rainfall and the maximum rainfall intensity in different base times had the maximum correlation with the amount of runoff and sediment at the levels of 99 to 95 percent.
Seyedeh Maryam Alibakhshi; Mohammad Mahdavi; Shahram Khalighi Sikaroudi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2010, , Pages 102-110
Abstract
Approximation of precipitation and design of a rain-gauge system with minimum initial cost and robustness against measurement uncertainties requires finding the relationship between various stations equipped with udometers .On the other hand, in areas where the issues of erosion and sediment exist, it ...
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Approximation of precipitation and design of a rain-gauge system with minimum initial cost and robustness against measurement uncertainties requires finding the relationship between various stations equipped with udometers .On the other hand, in areas where the issues of erosion and sediment exist, it seems necessary to know the amount of rainfall. Among the possible solutions, increasing the number of rain gauges can be adopted which is expensive. In the present study, rainfall data of 16 base stations by Ministry of Power recording precipitation data of Tehran Province on a common date (1622 rainfalls) were extracted. In each measurement, a station was chosen as base, the rainfalls of other stations were ignored, so the rainfall of each of them were reconstructed according to base stations, which were finally compared with observed rainfalls. Then, the curve of reconstructed and observed rainfalls was transformed into a dimensionless form, and rainfall percentage in the three quarterlies and the surface under each curve were calculated. Eventually by figuring out the error percentage of them, the frequency of error percentage in anticipating the rainfall amount and the three quarterlies for both curves were calculated. In order to determine the ratio of sensitivity of the model, distance index with statistical estimation of percentage of variation coefficient was used. Results demonstrated that there is no elevation effect within the 900 to 1800 m from sea level, but, there is a jump in the amount of error that this situation reduces gradually up to 2000 m height.
