Ardeshir Mesbah; Esmail Karamidehkordi; Shadali Tohidloo; Amin Salehpour Jam; Tofigh Saadi
Abstract
Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation ...
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Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation and combined researches. This study was carried out using a conceptual methodology and using a systematic analysis of related researches conducted in the country in the form of articles, treatises and dissertations included in selected databases inside the country. In this research, using conceptual analysis, the data were analyzed thematically. Although a handful of studies on resilience against natural hazards had been conducted in Iran before the 2010s, these resilience studies, especially in rural areas, have a short lifespan. After the scientific refinement of 1742 scientific documents from the beginning of 2010s, fifty seven related articles and theses were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that the most studies conducted in the field of resilience were in the field of drought and the least studies were conducted in the field of land degradation studies. In the researches carried out in the field of flood, the social dimension received the most attention and the institutional dimension received the least attention. In the field of drought, the economic dimension and the institutional dimension respectively had the most and the least attention in the researches conducted in this field. In the field of land degradation and combined research, the physical dimension was the most important. By identifying the important components of society's resilience against natural hazards, it is possible to improve crisis management, reduce damages and effectively plan development and educational projects at the country level.
Hamideh Afkhami; Hossein Malekinezhad; Esmat Esmaeilzade
Abstract
In this study, urethalate floating cover is designed using soft drinks bottles and foam polyurethane in order to prevent evaporation losses of water reservoirs of Sarcheshme Copper Complex. Designed urethalate is including four square coatings with two layers of bottles that foam polyurethane is ...
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In this study, urethalate floating cover is designed using soft drinks bottles and foam polyurethane in order to prevent evaporation losses of water reservoirs of Sarcheshme Copper Complex. Designed urethalate is including four square coatings with two layers of bottles that foam polyurethane is injected into these coatings to maintain and shaping and liners of anti-acid concrete has been created on its surface to protect of the upper layer. For evaluating the performance of two layer urethalate cover to reduce evaporation, two ponds with an area of nine m2 in the vicinity of Sarcheshmeh tailing dam were constructed and then the evaporation losses was measured for two month in each pond. The obtained results using designed cover showed performance of two layers urethalate in evaporation reduction. More than 92.5% of the expected evaporation was reduced. Due to the durability and performance of urethalate, this project can be considered as a worthwhile project to be used elsewhere. It would also be a useful application of environmental waste material to save water in the region with water scarcity in Iran.
Hamidreza Gharechaei; Alireza Moghaddamnia; Arash Malekian; Azadeh Ahmadi
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic effects are two main drivers of stream flow changes. In this study, the trend and Fluctuations in hydro climatic data series of Kashkan River were evaluated during 1972-2011. Then, the climate elasticity method was used for quantitative assessment of stream flow response ...
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Climate change and anthropogenic effects are two main drivers of stream flow changes. In this study, the trend and Fluctuations in hydro climatic data series of Kashkan River were evaluated during 1972-2011. Then, the climate elasticity method was used for quantitative assessment of stream flow response to climate variability and human activity. Results revealed that if precipitation decreases by 10%, runoff will decrease by 25.7∼25.1 percent, and if potential evapotranspiration decreases by 10%, runoff will increasing by 15.7∼15.1 percent. In 1999-2011, human activity was the main factor that decreased the amount of runoff in Kashkan river basin. The contribution of human activities were 73.97∼74.22 percent, while the increasing percentage due to climate variability accounted for 25.77∼26.02 percent, showing that runoff in the Kashkan river basin is more sensitive to climate variability than human activities. The results of this study can provide a reference for the development, utilization and management of the regional water resources and ecological environment protection.
Hamid Davoodi; Rahim Kazemi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2010, , Pages 35-43
Abstract
Disregarding land treatment and integrated management of coastal zone in Iran causes loss of huge ecologic resources in the country which is located in arid area and faces a great predicament such as soil erosion particularly, the given research zone is situated on 30°, 00¢ to 30°, 33¢ ...
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Disregarding land treatment and integrated management of coastal zone in Iran causes loss of huge ecologic resources in the country which is located in arid area and faces a great predicament such as soil erosion particularly, the given research zone is situated on 30°, 00¢ to 30°, 33¢ northern latitude and the condition of soil erosion in the region is more severe due to specific situation and vicinity to Arabia desert and experiencing strong winds specially in summer from the coast and removal of evaporation sediments. It is difficult to retrieve the ecologic resources in the region and the natural capital such as water is subject to various pollutants including industrial and the human. It is possible to prevent the loss of national capitals which can be the factor of socioeconomic growth and the property while optimal use of existing resources using sciences like and treatment by defining ecologic potentiality and restrictions of the region. In this research, specific ecologic models of the region was constructed by means of different library resources and basic topographic information, geology, pedology, vegetation cover, aerial photos, satellite images, field surveys, GIS software, and by Makhdoum method and the land treatment was conducted by Ilwis software in seven priorities of agriculture, aquatics breeding, rural and urban development, conservation, pasture management, and recreation and the map of various uses such as: land use, geology and geomorphology was produced. According to aquatics breeding, conservation and other maps for comparison of priority and optimal uses was determined. Due to the results obtained, areas of 14.6, 14.4, 67, 14.8, 40 34.5% are susceptible for agriculture, rural and urban development, recreational activities, concentrated recreation and aquatics breeding.
